Android中获取系统通讯录联系人并解决Android6.0权限问题

标题 ## Android中获取系统通讯录联系人并显示在EditText

1.需求
一个EditText 点击button的时候转到系统通讯录，选中其中一个通讯录item返回当前界面且把
选中的联系人号码用户名显示在EditText 上。
2.示例

3.代码
AddressList.java

public class AddressList extends CheckPermissionsActivity {

    EditText text;
    String username,usernumber;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.address_list);
        text = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.number);
    }


    public void click(View v){
        startActivityForResult(new Intent(
                Intent.ACTION_PICK,ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI), 0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
            ContentResolver reContentResolverol = getContentResolver();
            Uri contactData = data.getData();
            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
            Cursor cursor = managedQuery(contactData, null, null, null, null);
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            username = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
            Cursor phone = reContentResolverol.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
                    null,
                    ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + " = " + contactId,
                    null,
                    null);
            while (phone.moveToNext()) {
                usernumber = phone.getString(phone.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
                text.setText(usernumber+" ("+username+")");
            }

        }
    }
}

address_list.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:text="联系人"
        android:textSize="45px"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/number"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_number"
        android:text="选择联系人"
        android:onClick="click"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

在manifest 文件中已经添加了user-permission

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>  
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission> 

可能出现错误提示：

Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: opening provider com.android.providers.contacts.ContactsProvider2 from ProcessRecord{49af1fb 14363:com.example.gszczepanski.eduandroid/u0a59} (pid=14363, uid=10059) requires android.permission.READ_CONTACTS or android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS

错误提示的意思是：需要用户自己去添加对contacts 的授权，而不是让系统给授权，这都是android 6.0及以上的设备上才出现的问题，google 主要是处于安全的考虑，才添加的机制；
解决的方法是：弹出授权提示框，提醒用户授权；

故，增加一个CheckPermissionsActivity
代码如下：

/**
 * 继承了Activity，实现Android6.0的运行时权限检测
 * 需要进行运行时权限检测的Activity可以继承这个类
 *
 * @项目名称： AMapLocationDemo
 * @文件名称：PermissionsChecker.java
 * @类型名称：PermissionsChecker
 * @since 2.5.0
 */
public class CheckPermissionsActivity extends Activity
		implements
			ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback {
	/**
	 * 需要进行检测的权限数组
	 */
	protected String[] needPermissions = {
			Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
			Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
			Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
			Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
			Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
			Manifest.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD,
			Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED,
			Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,
			};
	
	private static final int PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE = 0;
	
	/**
	 * 判断是否需要检测，防止不停的弹框
	 */
	private boolean isNeedCheck = true;
	
	@Override
	protected void onResume() {
		super.onResume();
		if(isNeedCheck){
			checkPermissions(needPermissions);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 
	 * @param needRequestPermissonList
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 */
	private void checkPermissions(String... permissions) {
		List<String> needRequestPermissonList = findDeniedPermissions(permissions);
		if (null != needRequestPermissonList
				&& needRequestPermissonList.size() > 0) {
			ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
					needRequestPermissonList.toArray(
							new String[needRequestPermissonList.size()]),
					PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 获取权限集中需要申请权限的列表
	 * 
	 * @param permissions
	 * @return
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 */
	private List<String> findDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
		List<String> needRequestPermissonList = new ArrayList<String>();
		for (String perm : permissions) {
			if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
					perm) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
					|| ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(
							this, perm)) {
				needRequestPermissonList.add(perm);
			} 
		}
		return needRequestPermissonList;
	}

	/**
	 * 检测是否说有的权限都已经授权
	 * @param grantResults
	 * @return
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 */
	private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
		for (int result : grantResults) {
			if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
			String[] permissions, int[] paramArrayOfInt) {
		if (requestCode == PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE) {
			if (!verifyPermissions(paramArrayOfInt)) {
				showMissingPermissionDialog();
				isNeedCheck = false;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 显示提示信息
	 * 
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 */
	private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
		AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
		builder.setTitle(R.string.notifyTitle);
		builder.setMessage(R.string.notifyMsg);

		// 拒绝, 退出应用
		builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.cancel,
				new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
					@Override
					public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
						finish();
					}
				});

		builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.setting,
				new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
					@Override
					public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
						startAppSettings();
					}
				});

		builder.setCancelable(false);

		builder.show();
	}

	/**
	 *  启动应用的设置
	 * 
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 */
	private void startAppSettings() {
		Intent intent = new Intent(
				Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
		intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
		startActivity(intent);
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
		if(keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK){
			this.finish();
			return true;
		}
		return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
	}
		
}

只需在上面的权限数组中添加所需权限即可：
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS,

修改strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">ScreenLocker2</string>
    <string name="notifyTitle">提示</string>
    <string name="notifyMsg">当前应用缺少必要权限。\n\n请点击\"设置\"-\"权限\"-打开所需权限。</string>
    <string name="setting">设置</string>
    <string name="cancel">取消</string>
</resources>

最后让需要权限的Activity继承于CheckPermissionsActivity即可
运行：