内核实验（八）：实现O-NONBLOCK非阻塞读写

一、篇头

继续使用qemu调试内核的实验。本章复习阻塞与非阻塞IO的概念和机制，然后对之前实验（七）的代码做少许修改，来实现非阻塞的IO读写。

二、系列文章

略……

三、实验环境

• 编译服务器+NFS：ubuntu 22.04
• Qemu 虚拟机：Linux version 5.15.102 + Buysbox 1.3.36 + ARM_32bit

Qemu 启动命令：qemu-system-arm -nographic -M vexpress-a9 -m 1024M -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -initrd …/busybox/rootfs.ext4.img.gz -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb

四、源码

4.1 非阻塞IO与阻塞IO

非阻塞：进程发起I/O系统调用后，如果设备驱动的缓冲区没有数据，那么进程返回一个错误而不会被阻塞。如果驱动缓冲区中有数据，那么设备驱动把数据直接返回给用户进程。

阻塞：进程发起I/O系统调用后，如果设备的缓冲区没有数据，那么需要到硬件I/O中重新获取新数据，进程会被阻塞，也就是睡眠等待。直到数据准备好，进程才会被唤醒，并重新把数据返回给用户空间。

4.2 驱动源码

• 文件名：linux-stable\my_kmodules\test_7.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kfifo.h>


#define MY_DEV_NAME "my_dev"

DEFINE_KFIFO(my_kfifo, char, 128);

static int test_6_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	int major = MAJOR(inode->i_rdev);
	int minor = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

	pr_info("%s: major=%d, minor=%d\n", __func__, major, minor);
	return 0;
}

static int test_6_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	pr_info("%s \n", __func__);

	return 0;
}

static ssize_t test_6_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned int copied_count=0;
	pr_info("%s \n", __func__);

	
 	/*
 	* (1)add for O_NONBLOCK reading
 	*/
	if(kfifo_is_empty(&my_kfifo)){
		if(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK){
			return  -EAGAIN;
		}
	}
	
	ret = kfifo_to_user(&my_kfifo, buf,  count, &copied_count);
	if(ret != 0) {
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	//pr_info("%s ：%s, count=%d, copied_count=%d\n", __func__, my_kfifo.buf,  count, copied_count);
	
	return copied_count;
}

static ssize_t test_6_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned int copied_count=0;
	pr_info("%s \n", __func__);

 	/*
 	* (1)add for O_NONBLOCK writing
 	*/
	if(kfifo_is_full(&my_kfifo)){
		if(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK){
			return  -EAGAIN;
		}
	}
	
	ret = kfifo_from_user(&my_kfifo, buf, count, &copied_count);
	if(ret != 0) {
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	
	//pr_info("%s , my_kfifo.buf=%s\n", __func__, my_kfifo.buf);	
	return copied_count;


}

static const struct file_operations test_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = test_6_open,
	.release = test_6_release,
	.read = test_6_read,
	.write = test_6_write
};

static struct miscdevice test_6_misc_device ={

	.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
	.name = MY_DEV_NAME,
	.fops = &test_fops,
};


static int __init test_6_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	pr_info("test_6_init\n");

	ret = misc_register(&test_6_misc_device);
	if (ret != 0 ) {
		pr_err("failed to misc_register");
		return ret;
	}

	pr_err("Minor number = %d\n", test_6_misc_device.minor);

	return 0;
}

static void __exit test_6_exit(void)
{
	pr_info("test_6_exit\n");
    misc_deregister(&test_6_misc_device);
}

module_init(test_6_init);
module_exit(test_6_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("szhou <66176468@qq.com>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("test_7, 使用misc、KFIFO开发设备驱动非阻塞设备驱动。");

4.3 APP源码

• 文件名：linux-stable\my_kmodules\app_test_7.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h> //消除 warning: implicit declaration of function ‘malloc’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
#include <string.h> //消除 warning: implicit declaration of function ‘memset’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

#define MY_DEV_NAME "/dev/my_dev"

int main(int argc, void * argv[])
{

	int fd;
	int ret;
	size_t len;
	char message[80] = "To test reading and writing FIFO device with O_NONBLOCK.";
	char *read_buffer;

	len = sizeof(message);
	
	read_buffer = (char *)malloc((size_t)2*len);
	memset((void *)read_buffer, 0, 2*len);

	fd = open(MY_DEV_NAME, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
	if (fd < 0) {
		printf("open device %s failded\n", MY_DEV_NAME);
		return -1;
	}

	/*1: 先读一次，但这个时候KFIFO为空，所以会直接返回 */
	ret = read(fd, read_buffer, (size_t)2*len);
	printf("read %d bytes\n", ret);
	printf("read buffer=%s\n", read_buffer);

	/*2. 写一次数据 */
	ret = write(fd, message, len);
	if (ret != len)
		printf("have write %d bytes\n", ret);


	/*3. 再写一次数据 */
	ret = write(fd, message, len);
	if (ret != len)
		printf("have write %d bytes\n", ret);

	/*4. 读取数据，这次因为KFIFO非空，所以可以获得数据 */
	ret = read(fd, read_buffer, 2*len);
	printf("read %d bytes\n", ret);
	printf("read buffer=%s\n", read_buffer);

	close(fd);
}

4.4 Makefile

• 文件名：linux-stable\my_kmodules\Makefile
• 如下，继续追加 test_7.o 即可编译出test_7.ko

KDIR := /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable

obj-m := test_1.o test_2.o test_3.o test_4.o  test_5.o test_6.o test_7.o
all :
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) clean
	rm -f *.ko

五、编译及部署

（1）执行驱动KO编译
szhou@bc01:~/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules$ make
make -C /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable M=/home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable'
  CC [M]  /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules/test_7.o
  MODPOST /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules/Module.symvers
  CC [M]  /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules/test_7.mod.o
  LD [M]  /home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules/test_7.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/szhou/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable'

（2）执行app编译
szhou@bc01:~/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules$ arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc app_test_7.c -o app_test_7 --static

（3）将KO和APP存放到NFS共享目录
szhou@bc01:~/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules$ cp test_7.ko app_test_7  ~/works/nfs_share/
szhou@bc01:~/works/qemu_linux/linux-stable/my_kmodules$ 

六、运行及测试

（1）启动之前编译组建的QEMU虚拟机
----------------------------------------
Welcome to szhou's tiny Linux
----------------------------------------

Please press Enter to activate this console. 

（2）挂载NFS共享目录
~ #  mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.3.67:/home/szhou/works/nfs_share /mnt

（3） 加载ko
~ # cd /mnt/
/mnt # insmod test_7.ko 
test_7: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
test_6_init
Minor number = 125
/mnt # mdev  -s

（4） 运行app测试
/mnt # ./app_test_7 
test_6_open: major=10, minor=125
test_6_read 
read -1 bytes
read buffer=
test_6_write 
test_6_write 
have write 48 bytes
test_6_read 
read 128 bytes
read buffer=To test reading and writing FIFO device with O_NONBLOCK.
test_6_release 
/mnt # 

操作画面如下图：