常见于 NIO 操作时,用于数据缓冲区
分配回收成本较高,但读写性能高
不受 JVM 内存回收管理
注意手动的System.gc是不能释放直接内存的
分配和回收原理
使用了 Unsafe 对象完成直接内存的分配回收,并且回收需要主动调用 freeMemory 方法
ByteBuffer 的实现类内部,使用了 Cleaner (虚引用)来监测 ByteBuffer 对象,一旦
ByteBuffer 对象被垃圾回收,那么就会由 ReferenceHandler 线程通过 Cleaner 的 clean 方法调
用 freeMemory 来释放直接内存
特别注意,
-XX:+DisableExplicitGC 显式的,这个是在jvm调优的过程中将System.gc失效,所以导致ByteBuffer 不能被回收,导致直接内存不能被释放。
演示直接内存溢出
public class Demo {
static int _100Mb = 1024 * 1024 * 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<ByteBuffer> list = new ArrayList<>();
int i = 0;
try {
while (true) {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_100Mb);
list.add(byteBuffer);
i++;
}
} finally {
System.out.println(i);
}
// 方法区是jvm规范, jdk6 中对方法区的实现称为永久代
// jdk8 对方法区的实现称为元空间
}
}
显式gc回收对直接内存的影响
public class Demo {
static int _1Gb = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
/*
* -XX:+DisableExplicitGC 显式的
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1Gb);
System.out.println("分配完毕...");
System.in.read();
System.out.println("开始释放...");
byteBuffer = null;
System.gc(); // 显式的垃圾回收,Full GC
System.in.read();
}
}
直接内存分配的底层原理:Unsafe
public class Demo {
static int _1Gb = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Unsafe unsafe = getUnsafe();
// 分配内存
long base = unsafe.allocateMemory(_1Gb);
unsafe.setMemory(base, _1Gb, (byte) 0);
System.in.read();
// 释放内存
unsafe.freeMemory(base);
System.in.read();
}
public static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
try {
Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
f.setAccessible(true);
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) f.get(null);
return unsafe;
} catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
演示 ByteBuffer 作用
public class Demo {
static final String FROM = "E:\\编程\\视频\\0.mp4";
static final String TO = "E:\\a.mp4";
static final int _1Mb = 1024 * 1024;
public static void main(String[] args) {
io(); // io 用时:1535.586957 1766.963399 1359.240226
directBuffer(); // directBuffer 用时:479.295165 702.291454 562.56592
}
private static void directBuffer() {
long start = System.nanoTime();
try (FileChannel from = new FileInputStream(FROM).getChannel();
FileChannel to = new FileOutputStream(TO).getChannel();
) {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1Mb);
while (true) {
int len = from.read(bb);
if (len == -1) {
break;
}
bb.flip();
to.write(bb);
bb.clear();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("directBuffer 用时:" + (end - start) / 1000_000.0);
}
private static void io() {
long start = System.nanoTime();
try (FileInputStream from = new FileInputStream(FROM);
FileOutputStream to = new FileOutputStream(TO);
) {
byte[] buf = new byte[_1Mb];
while (true) {
int len = from.read(buf);
if (len == -1) {
break;
}
to.write(buf, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
long end = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("io 用时:" + (end - start) / 1000_000.0);
}
}