cygwin ssh: localhost port 22: Connection refused

想在本机上搭建Hadoop的伪分布式运行环境，需要配置SSH。

Cygwin安装的时候是带有OpenSSH的，之前会偶尔用他连接远程服务器。试了一下：

$ssh localhost

提示：ssh: connect to localhost port 22: Connection refused.

纳闷，怎么连自己不行？想了一会才明白，原来Cygwin的OpenSSH安装后，默认的client端开启，服务器端没有配置。

那就来安装sshd吧。

$ssh-host-config

本来一路输入yes就可以的，我这却不断提示/var目录下的一些目录访问属性不对，但是用chmod命令改却没有反应，网上查了一下，原来如果磁盘格式为FAT32的话，Cygwin的chmod将没有作用。

到Dos下用convert命令改：

convert D: /FS:NTFS

转换完成后，更改对应文件夹属性，SSH的服务器端终于安装好。

启动ssh server：

$cygrunsrv -S ssh

提示：cygrunsrv: Error starting a service: QueryServiceStatus:  Win32 error 1062:

怎么搞得？

 先重新安装一遍：

$cygrunsrv -R sshd

$ssh-host-config -y

还是不行。

 上网查了一下，原来一般是一些需要访问的目录权限不对，天哪，一个个改太要命了，而且我也不清楚到底得改多少。。。都怪当初FAT32格式惹的祸。

索性把Cygwin重装了。

这次终于启动成功了。

 试验自连：

$ssh localhost

成功！

用IP连接，失败了，提示：

ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

上网查了一下，说是/etc/hosts.allow和/etc/hosts.deny两个文件的问题，

打开看了看，觉得写的挺有歧义的，太烦了，全给注释掉了，再连，成功了！！

通过别的机器连接，也成功！

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注：我这里遇到的问题是：

安装完成后：

june@~ 03:58:59>

cygrunsrv -S ssh

cygrunsrv: Error starting a service: OpenService:  Win32 error 1060:

指定的服务未安装。

june@~ 03:59:03>

june@~ 04:00:43>

net start sshd

CYGWIN sshd 服务正在启动 .

CYGWIN sshd 服务已经启动成功。

june@~ 04:00:54>

june@~ 03:59:03>

ps -ef|grep ssh

cyg_serv    4532    4800   ?  04:00:12 /usr/sbin/sshd

june@~ 04:00:23>

——————————————————————————————————————————

附：安装过程及提示：

june@/ 03:52:29>

ssh-host-config

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key

*** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

*** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file

*** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

*** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.

*** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.

*** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/READ                                                                                        ME.privsep.

*** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes

*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have

*** Info: Administrator privileges.  Should this script attempt to create a

no

*** Warning: Couldn't create user 'sshd'!

*** Warning: Privilege separation set to 'no' again!

*** Warning: Check your /etc/sshd_config file!

*** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

*** Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges!

*** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?

*** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes

*** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: []

*** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the

*** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability

*** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged

*** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

*** Info: You appear to be running Windows XP 64bit, Windows 2003 Server,

*** Info: or later.  On these systems, it's not possible to use the LocalSystem

*** Info: account for services that can change the user id without an

*** Info: explicit password (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key

*** Info: authentication] via sshd).

*** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create

*** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless a similar account

*** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special

*** Info: servers.

*** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account

*** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

*** Info: No privileged account could be found.

*** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.

*** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.

*** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no

*** Query: Create new privileged user account 'cyg_server'? (yes/no) yes

*** Info: Please enter a password for new user cyg_server.  Please be sure

*** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system.

*** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration.

*** Query: Please enter the password:

*** Query: Reenter:

*** Info: User 'cyg_server' has been created with password 'cyg_server'.

*** Info: If you change the password, please remember also to change the

*** Info: password for the installed services which use (or will soon use)

*** Info: the 'cyg_server' account.

*** Info: Also keep in mind that the user 'cyg_server' needs read permissions

*** Info: on all users' relevant files for the services running as 'cyg_server'.

*** Info: In particular, for the sshd server all users' .ssh/authorized_keys

*** Info: files must have appropriate permissions to allow public key

*** Info: authentication. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set

*** Info: these permissions correctly. [Similar restrictions apply, for

*** Info: instance, for .rhosts files if the rshd server is running, etc].

*** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the 'cyg_server'

*** Info: account.  To start the service now, call `net start sshd' or

*** Info: ` cygrunsrv -S sshd '.  Otherwise, it will start automatically

*** Info: after the next reboot.

*** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!

june@/ 03:56:53>