SpingBoot与数据访问(一)JDBC方式、整合Druid

1.JDBC

我们首先使用JDBC连接数据库

1.1 导入Maven坐标

我们首先导入JDBC与mysql依赖

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

1.2 配置文件

接下来我们配置数据库连接相关参数

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jdbc
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

1.3 测试

	@Autowired
	DataSource dataSource;

	@Test
	public void contextLoads() throws SQLException {

		System.out.println(dataSource);
		System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());

	}

可以看到springBoot是默认使用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源

1.4 配置原理

接下来我们看一下他是如何生效的,看一下JDBC相关自动配置类DataSourceConfiguration

abstract class DataSourceConfiguration {

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	protected static <T> T createDataSource(DataSourceProperties properties,
			Class<? extends DataSource> type) {
		return (T) properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().type(type).build();
	}

	/**
	 * Tomcat Pool DataSource configuration.
	 */
	@ConditionalOnClass(org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource.class)
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
	@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type", havingValue = "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource", matchIfMissing = true)
	static class Tomcat {

		@Bean
		@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.tomcat")
		public org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource dataSource(
				DataSourceProperties properties) {
			org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource dataSource = createDataSource(
					properties, org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource.class);
			DatabaseDriver databaseDriver = DatabaseDriver
					.fromJdbcUrl(properties.determineUrl());
			String validationQuery = databaseDriver.getValidationQuery();
			if (validationQuery != null) {
				dataSource.setTestOnBorrow(true);
				dataSource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
			}
			return dataSource;
		}

	}

可以看到createDataSource方法传入DataSourceProperties，而我们配置文件中spring.datasource 自动绑定到DataSourceProperties

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public class DataSourceProperties
		implements BeanClassLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware, InitializingBean {

	private ClassLoader classLoader;

	private Environment environment;

接下来我们可以从DataSourceConfiguration 中看到 我们默认使用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource 作为数据源，并且可以使用spring.datasource.type 指定数据源

/**
	 * Generic DataSource configuration.
	 */
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
	@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
	static class Generic {

		@Bean
		public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
			return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
		}

	}

接着看DataSourceConfiguration 中其他数据源配置

当我们没有导入相关依赖 相关数据源是不生效的@ConditionalOnClass，因此这就是为什么我们再配置文件中配置spring.datasource 前缀可以生效并且数据源默认是tomcat数据源的原因。

并且springBoot也帮我们自动配置了JdbcTemplate 可以操作数据库

	@Autowired
	JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	@Test
	public void query() throws Exception{
		List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from emb_t_dictBusType");
		System.out.println(mapList);
	}

1.5 DataSourceInitializer

接下来我们看一下DataSourceInitializer 这个类

class DataSourceInitializer implements ApplicationListener<DataSourceInitializedEvent> {

	@PostConstruct
	public void init() {
		if (!this.properties.isInitialize()) {
			logger.debug("Initialization disabled (not running DDL scripts)");
			return;
		}
		if (this.applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(DataSource.class, false,
				false).length > 0) {
			this.dataSource = this.applicationContext.getBean(DataSource.class);
		}
		if (this.dataSource == null) {
			logger.debug("No DataSource found so not initializing");
			return;
		}
		runSchemaScripts();
	}

	private void runSchemaScripts() {
		List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.schema",
				this.properties.getSchema(), "schema");
		if (!scripts.isEmpty()) {
			String username = this.properties.getSchemaUsername();
			String password = this.properties.getSchemaPassword();
			runScripts(scripts, username, password);
			try {
				this.applicationContext
						.publishEvent(new DataSourceInitializedEvent(this.dataSource));
				// The listener might not be registered yet, so don't rely on it.
				if (!this.initialized) {
					runDataScripts();
					this.initialized = true;
				}
			}
			catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
				logger.warn("Could not send event to complete DataSource initialization ("
						+ ex.getMessage() + ")");
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onApplicationEvent(DataSourceInitializedEvent event) {
		if (!this.properties.isInitialize()) {
			logger.debug("Initialization disabled (not running data scripts)");
			return;
		}
		// NOTE the event can happen more than once and
		// the event datasource is not used here
		if (!this.initialized) {
			runDataScripts();
			this.initialized = true;
		}
	}

	private void runDataScripts() {
		List<Resource> scripts = getScripts("spring.datasource.data",
				this.properties.getData(), "data");
		String username = this.properties.getDataUsername();
		String password = this.properties.getDataPassword();
		runScripts(scripts, username, password);
	}
	private List<Resource> getScripts(String propertyName, List<String> resources,
			String fallback) {
		if (resources != null) {
			return getResources(propertyName, resources, true);
		}
		String platform = this.properties.getPlatform();
		List<String> fallbackResources = new ArrayList<String>();
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + "-" + platform + ".sql");
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + ".sql");
		return getResources(propertyName, fallbackResources, false);
	}

我们看一下runDataScripts 与runSchemaScripts方法 我们可以总结如下
也就是说我们在容器启动的时候，可以在类路径下加上一下sql文件，他们会自动执行里面的语句
作用：

1. runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句；
2. runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句；
   默认只需要将文件命名为：

schema-*.sql、data-*.sql
默认规则：schema.sql，schema-all.sql；

可以使用   
	schema:
      - classpath:department.sql
      指定位置

如：spring.datasource.schema=classPath:data.sql

2 整合Druid数据源

我们前面说了 可以使用spring.datasource.type 指定数据源，下面我们来整合Druid数据源
首先我们加上Maven 坐标

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.9</version>
		</dependency>

然后在我们的配置文件中增加如下配置

spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

#最大活跃数
spring.datasource.maxActive: 20
#初始化数量
spring.datasource.initialSize: 1
#最大连接等待超时时间
spring.datasource.maxWait: 60000
#打开PSCache，并且指定每个连接PSCache的大小
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements: true
spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
#通过connectionProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能；慢SQL记录
#connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
spring.datasource.minIdle: 1
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery: select 1 from dual
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle: true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow: false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn: false
#配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql将无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
filters: stat, wall, log4j

为了使相关属性可以映射到我们的DruidDataSource上,我们增加一个配置类

@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }


    //配置Druid的监控
    //1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();

        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
        initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }


    //2、配置一个web监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());

        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);

        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));

        return  bean;
    }

}

我们再打印出我们的数据源就已经是Druid的数据源了