web3.js的provider

web3是所有ethereum交互模块的总包。

web3.setProvider()

• 参数：
  Object - myProvider: 有效的服务提供者对象。

• 返回值：
  Boolean

web3.setProvider()方法用来修改指定模块的底层通讯服务提供者。
调用：

web3.setProvider(myProvider)
web3.eth.setProvider(myProvider)
web3.shh.setProvider(myProvider)
web3.bzz.setProvider(myProvider)
...

注意：当在web3上直接调用setProvider()方法时(即调用web3.setProvider(myProvider))，将为所有其他子模块设置服务提供者，例如web3.eth和web3.shh。 但web3.bzz不受影响，因为该子模块始终使用独立的服务提供者。

示例代码：

var web3 = new Web3('http://localhost:8545');
// or
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('http://localhost:8545'));

// change provider
web3.setProvider('ws://localhost:8546');
// or
web3.setProvider(new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider('ws://localhost:8546'));

// Using the IPC provider in node.js
var net = require('net');
var web3 = new Web3('/Users/myuser/Library/Ethereum/geth.ipc', net); // mac os path
// or
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.IpcProvider('/Users/myuser/Library/Ethereum/geth.ipc', net)); // mac os path
// on windows the path is: "\\\\.\\pipe\\geth.ipc"
// on linux the path is: "/users/myuser/.ethereum/geth.ipc"

web3.providers

返回当前有效的通信服务提供者。

web3.providers
web3.eth.providers
web3.shh.providers
web3.bzz.providers
...

返回值：
Object， 参见以下服务提供者对象:

• Object - HttpProvider: The HTTP provider is deprecated, as it won’t work for subscriptions.
  HTTP服务提供器已经被弃用，因为它不支持订阅。
• Object - WebsocketProvider: The Websocket provider is the standard for usage in legacy browsers.
  Websocket服务提供器是用于传统的浏览器中的标准方法。
• Object - IpcProvider: The IPC provider is used node.js dapps when running a local node. Gives the most secure connection.
  当运行一个本地节点时，IPC服务提供器用于node.js的DApp，该方法提供最安全的连接。

示例代码：

var Web3 = require('web3');
// use the given Provider, e.g in Mist, or instantiate a new websocket provider
var web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider || 'ws://remotenode.com:8546');
// or
var web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider || new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider('ws://remotenode.com:8546'));

// Using the IPC provider in node.js
var net = require('net');

var web3 = new Web3('/Users/myuser/Library/Ethereum/geth.ipc', net); // mac os path
// or
var web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.IpcProvider('/Users/myuser/Library/Ethereum/geth.ipc', net)); // mac os path
// on windows the path is: "\\\\.\\pipe\\geth.ipc"
// on linux the path is: "/users/myuser/.ethereum/geth.ipc"

Configuration：

// ====
// Http
// ====

var Web3HttpProvider = require('web3-providers-http');

var options = {
    keepAlive: true,
    withCredentials: false,
    timeout: 20000, // ms
    headers: [
        {
            name: 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin',
            value: '*'
        },
        {
            ...
        }
    ],
    agent: {
        http: http.Agent(...),
        baseUrl: ''
    }
};

var provider = new Web3HttpProvider('http://localhost:8545', options);



// ==========
// Websockets
// ==========

var Web3WsProvider = require('web3-providers-ws');

var options = {
    timeout: 30000, // ms

    // Useful for credentialed urls, e.g: ws://username:password@localhost:8546
    headers: {
      authorization: 'Basic username:password'
    },

    // Useful if requests result are large
    clientConfig: {
      maxReceivedFrameSize: 100000000,   // bytes - default: 1MiB
      maxReceivedMessageSize: 100000000, // bytes - default: 8MiB
    },

    // Enable auto reconnection
    reconnect: {
        auto: true,
        delay: 5000, // ms
        maxAttempts: 5,
        onTimeout: false
    }
};

var ws = new Web3WsProvider('ws://localhost:8546', options);

相关内容：
https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.9/web3.html#setprovider
http://cw.hubwiz.com/card/c/web3.js-1.0/1/1/4/

web3的provider的正确使用