mysql实例部署安装
多实例部署最多应用在现实中只有一台服务器，但是想用多个DBA，这个时候就可以用到多实例部署。
mysql多实例部署是在一台服务器上开启多个不同的服务端口用来控制数据库
首先应该有mysql，这里安装一个二进制格式的mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ls
公共 图片 音乐 initial-setup-ks.cfg
模板 文档 桌面 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
视频 下载 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=974(mysql) gid=973(mysql) 组=973(mysql)
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 5月 3 15:12 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 5月 10 06:44 mysql -> mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 5月 10 06:43 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 5月 3 15:12 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 src
更改属主组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 5月 3 15:12 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 35 5月 10 06:44 mysql -> mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 5月 10 06:43 mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 5月 3 15:12 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 18 2020 src
做一个环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
创建多个实例目录，这里用端口号表示
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost ~]# tree /opt/data
/opt/data
├── 3306
├── 3307
└── 3308
3 directories, 0 files
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 5月 10 06:54 3306
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 5月 10 06:54 3307
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 5月 10 06:54 3308
初始化
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3306
2021-05-10T10:58:49.391420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-05-10T10:58:49.608833Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-05-10T10:58:49.642431Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-05-10T10:58:49.649239Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b343cae4-b17e-11eb-b39c-000c29486c24.
2021-05-10T10:58:49.649884Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-05-10T10:58:50.386596Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-05-10T10:58:50.425187Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *JSU?ZHYj10v
把密码记下来
[root@localhost ~]# echo '*JSU?ZHYj10v' >3306
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3307
2021-05-10T11:00:09.839511Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-05-10T11:00:10.034725Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-05-10T11:00:10.063812Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-05-10T11:00:10.070422Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e33315a7-b17e-11eb-9855-000c29486c24.
2021-05-10T11:00:10.072074Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-05-10T11:00:10.532562Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-05-10T11:00:10.598065Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Rq%+6?amg?)M
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'Rq%+6?amg?)M' >3307
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3308
2021-05-10T11:01:14.087025Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-05-10T11:01:14.262218Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-05-10T11:01:14.297752Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-05-10T11:01:14.306961Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 097ccf30-b17f-11eb-9bcc-000c29486c24.
2021-05-10T11:01:14.307700Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-05-10T11:01:15.619726Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-05-10T11:01:15.745869Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %iUL2gICSn#;
[root@localhost ~]# echo '%iUL2gICSn#;' >3308
安装perl 这里我有，就不需要安装了
如果需要安装的话dnf -y install perl
就用这个安装
[root@localhost ~]# which perl
/usr/bin/perl
添加配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi] //多实例
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306 //这里的3306必须是3306 每个实例对应每个端口号
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log
[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log
[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log
启动各实例
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
Wide character in print at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi line 678.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3307
Wide character in print at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi line 678.
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308
Wide character in print at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi line 678.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3307 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3308 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
更改初始化密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'*JSU?ZHYj10v' -P3306
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# dnf whatprovides libncurses.so.5
CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream 389 kB/s | 8.5 MB 00:22
CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS 568 kB/s | 2.7 MB 00:04
CentOS Stream 8 - Extras 9.1 kB/s | 9.3 kB 00:01
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
仓库 ：baseos
匹配来源：
提供 : libncurses.so.5
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
在这里需要安装一个这个包。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'*JSU?ZHYj10v' -P3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
这里显示配置文件找不到，所以就要用另一种方式登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'*JSU?ZHYj10v' -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.33
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
这样就可以连接上了
更改3306密码再次连接
mysql> set password = password('ZHANGde12+Jun');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ZHANGde12+Jun' -P3306 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
更改3307密码并连接
mysql> set password = password('ZHANGde12+Jun');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ZHANGde12+Jun' -P3307 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
更改3308密码并登录
mysql> set password = password('ZHANGde12+Jun');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ZHANGde12+Jun' -P3308 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld_multi.server on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。
要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。
mysqld_multi.server 0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关
开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
连接断开
连接成功
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Mon May 10 07:30:05 2021
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3307 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3308 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
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