1.归并排序
算法步骤:
-
申请空间,使其大小为两个已经排序序列之和,该空间用来存放合并后的序列;
-
设定两个指针,最初位置分别为两个已经排序序列的起始位置;
-
比较两个指针所指向的元素,选择相对小的元素放入到合并空间,并移动指针到下一位置;
-
重复步骤 3 直到某一指针达到序列尾;
-
将另一序列剩下的所有元素直接复制到合并序列尾。
代码:
public class MergeSort {
// 递归方法实现
public static void mergeSort1(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
return;
}
process(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
}
// arr[L...R]范围上,请让这个范围上的数,有序!
public static void process(int[] arr, int L, int R) {
if (L == R) {
return;
}
// int mid = (L + R) / 2
int mid = L + ((R - L) >> 1);
process(arr, L, mid);
process(arr, mid + 1, R);
merge(arr, L, mid, R);
}
public static void merge(int[] arr, int L, int M, int R) {
int[] help = new int[R - L + 1];
int i = 0;
int p1 = L;
int p2 = M + 1;
while (p1 <= M && p2 <= R) {
help[i++] = arr[p1] <= arr[p2] ? arr[p1++] : arr[p2++];
}
// 要么p1越界,要么p2越界
// 不可能出现:共同越界
while (p1 <= M) {
help[i++] = arr[p1++];
}
while (p2 <= R) {
help[i++] = arr[p2++];
}
for (i = 0; i < help.length; i++) {
arr[L + i] = help[i];
}
}
public static void mergeSort2(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
return;
}
int step = 1;
int N = arr.length;
while (step < N) {
int L = 0;
while (L < N) {
int M = 0;
if (N - L >= step) {
M = L + step - 1;
} else {
M = N - 1;
}
if (M == N - 1) {
break;
}
int R = 0;
if (N - 1 - M >= step) {
R = M + step;
} else {
R = N - 1;
}
merge(arr, L, M, R);
if (R == N - 1) {
break;
} else {
L = R + 1;
}
}
if (step > N / 2) {
break;
}
step *= 2;
}
}
// 非递归方法实现
// public static void mergeSort2(int[] arr) {
// if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
// return;
// }
// int N = arr.length;
// int mergeSize = 1;
// while (mergeSize < N) {
// int L = 0;
// while (L < N) {
// if (mergeSize >= N - L) {
// break;
// }
// int M = L + mergeSize - 1;
// int R = M + Math.min(mergeSize, N - M - 1);
// merge(arr, L, M, R);
// L = R + 1;
// }
// if (mergeSize > N / 2) {
// break;
// }
// mergeSize <<= 1;
// }
// }
// for test
public static int[] generateRandomArray(int maxSize, int maxValue) {
int[] arr = new int[(int) ((maxSize + 1) * Math.random())];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = (int) ((maxValue + 1) * Math.random()) - (int) (maxValue * Math.random());
}
return arr;
}
// for test
public static int[] copyArray(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null) {
return null;
}
int[] res = new int[arr.length];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
res[i] = arr[i];
}
return res;
}
// for test
public static boolean isEqual(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
if ((arr1 == null && arr2 != null) || (arr1 != null && arr2 == null)) {
return false;
}
if (arr1 == null && arr2 == null) {
return true;
}
if (arr1.length != arr2.length) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
if (arr1[i] != arr2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// for test
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null) {
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
// for test
public static void main(String[] args) {
int testTime = 500000;
int maxSize = 100;
int maxValue = 100;
System.out.println("测试开始");
for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) {
int[] arr1 = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
int[] arr2 = copyArray(arr1);
mergeSort1(arr1);
mergeSort2(arr2);
if (!isEqual(arr1, arr2)) {
System.out.println("出错了!");
printArray(arr1);
printArray(arr2);
break;
}
}
System.out.println("测试结束");
}
}
2.快速排序
算法步骤:
-
从数列中挑出一个元素,称为 "基准"(pivot);
-
重新排序数列,所有元素比基准值小的摆放在基准前面,所有元素比基准值大的摆在基准的后面(相同的数可以到任一边)。在这个分区退出之后,该基准就处于数列的中间位置。这个称为分区(partition)操作;
-
递归地(recursive)把小于基准值元素的子数列和大于基准值元素的子数列排序;
代码:
public class PartitionAndQuickSort {
public static void splitNum1(int[] arr) {
int lessEqualR = -1;
int index = 0;
int N = arr.length;
while (index < N) {
if (arr[index] <= arr[N - 1]) {
swap(arr, ++lessEqualR, index++);
} else {
index++;
}
}
}
public static void splitNum2(int[] arr) {
int N = arr.length;
int lessR = -1;
int moreL = N - 1;
int index = 0;
// arr[N-1]
while (index < moreL) {
if (arr[index] < arr[N - 1]) {
swap(arr, ++lessR, index++);
} else if (arr[index] > arr[N - 1]) {
swap(arr, --moreL, index);
} else {
index++;
}
}
swap(arr, moreL, N - 1);
}
public static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
int tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = tmp;
}
// arr[L...R]范围上,拿arr[R]做划分值,
// L....R < = >
public static int[] partition(int[] arr, int L, int R) {
int lessR = L - 1;
int moreL = R;
int index = L;
while (index < moreL) {
if (arr[index] < arr[R]) {
swap(arr, ++lessR, index++);
} else if (arr[index] > arr[R]) {
swap(arr, --moreL, index);
} else {
index++;
}
}
swap(arr, moreL, R);
return new int[] { lessR + 1, moreL };
}
public static void quickSort1(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
return;
}
process(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
}
public static void process(int[] arr, int L, int R) {
if (L >= R) {
return;
}
int[] equalE = partition(arr, L, R);
process(arr, L, equalE[0] - 1);
process(arr, equalE[1] + 1, R);
}
public static class Job {
public int L;
public int R;
public Job(int left, int right) {
L = left;
R = right;
}
}
public static void quickSort2(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
return;
}
Stack<Job> stack = new Stack<>();
stack.push(new Job(0, arr.length - 1));
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
Job cur = stack.pop();
int[] equals = partition(arr, cur.L, cur.R);
if (equals[0] > cur.L) { // 有< 区域
stack.push(new Job(cur.L, equals[0] - 1));
}
if (equals[1] < cur.R) { // 有 > 区域
stack.push(new Job(equals[1] + 1, cur.R));
}
}
}
public static int[] netherlandsFlag(int[] arr, int L, int R) {
if (L > R) {
return new int[] { -1, -1 };
}
if (L == R) {
return new int[] { L, R };
}
int less = L - 1;
int more = R;
int index = L;
while (index < more) {
if (arr[index] == arr[R]) {
index++;
} else if (arr[index] < arr[R]) {
swap(arr, index++, ++less);
} else {
swap(arr, index, --more);
}
}
swap(arr, more, R); // <[R] =[R] >[R]
return new int[] { less + 1, more };
}
public static void quickSort3(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
return;
}
process3(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
}
public static void process3(int[] arr, int L, int R) {
if (L >= R) {
return;
}
swap(arr, L + (int) (Math.random() * (R - L + 1)), R);
int[] equalArea = netherlandsFlag(arr, L, R);
process3(arr, L, equalArea[0] - 1);
process3(arr, equalArea[1] + 1, R);
}
// for test
public static int[] generateRandomArray(int maxSize, int maxValue) {
int[] arr = new int[(int) ((maxSize + 1) * Math.random())];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = (int) ((maxValue + 1) * Math.random()) - (int) (maxValue * Math.random());
}
return arr;
}
// for test
public static int[] copyArray(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null) {
return null;
}
int[] res = new int[arr.length];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
res[i] = arr[i];
}
return res;
}
// for test
public static boolean isEqual(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
if ((arr1 == null && arr2 != null) || (arr1 != null && arr2 == null)) {
return false;
}
if (arr1 == null && arr2 == null) {
return true;
}
if (arr1.length != arr2.length) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
if (arr1[i] != arr2[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// for test
public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
if (arr == null) {
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
// for test
public static void main(String[] args) {
// int[] arr = { 7, 1, 3, 5, 4, 5, 1, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4 };
//
// splitNum2(arr);
// for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
// System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
// }
int testTime = 500000;
int maxSize = 100;
int maxValue = 100;
boolean succeed = true;
System.out.println("test begin");
for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) {
int[] arr1 = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
int[] arr2 = copyArray(arr1);
int[] arr3 = copyArray(arr1);
quickSort1(arr1);
quickSort2(arr2);
quickSort3(arr3);
if (!isEqual(arr1, arr2) || !isEqual(arr1, arr3)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
succeed = false;
break;
}
}
System.out.println("test end");
System.out.println(succeed ? "Nice!" : "Oops!");
}
}