1.使用POST发送数据
以POST方式发送数据主要是为了向服务器发送较大量的客户端的数据,它不受URL的长度限制。POST请求将
数据以URL编码的形式放在HTTP正文中,字段形式为fieldname=value,用&分隔每个字段。注意所有的字段都
被作为字符串处理。实际上我们要做的就是模拟浏览器POST 一个表单。以下是IE发送一个登陆表单的POST请
求:
POST http://127.0.0.1/login.do HTTP/1.0
Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, */*
Accept-Language: en-us,zh-cn;q=0.5
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)
Content-Length: 28
username=admin&password=1234
要在MIDP应用程序中模拟浏览器发送这个POST请求,首先设置HttpConnection的请求方式为POST:
hc.setRequestMethod(HttpConnection.POST);
然后构造出HTTP正文:
byte[] data = "username=admin&password=1234".getBytes();
并计算正文长度,填入Content-Type和Content-Length:
hc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
hc.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
然后打开OutputStream将正文写入:
OutputStream output = hc.openOutputStream();
output.write(data);
需要注意的是,数据仍需要以URL编码格式编码,由于MIDP库中没有J2SE中与之对应的URLEncoder类,因此,
需要自己动手编写这个 encode()方法,可以参考java.net.URLEncoder.java的源码。剩下的便是读取服务器响
应,代码与GET一致,这里就不再详述。
2.使用multipart/form-data发送文件
最早的HTTP POST是不支持文件上传的,给编程开发带来很多问题。但是在1995年,ietf出台了rfc1867,也就是《RFC 1867 -Form-based File Upload in HTML》,用以支持文件上传。所以Content-Type的类型扩充了multipart/form-data用以支持向服务器发送二进制数据。因此发送post请求时候,表单<form>属性enctype共有二个值可选,这个属性管理的是表单的MIME编码:
①application/x-www-form-urlencoded(默认值)
②multipart/form-data
其实form表单在你不写enctype属性时,也默认为其添加了enctype属性值,默认值是enctype="application/x- www-form-urlencoded".
以multipart/form-data编码的POST请求格式与application/x-www-form-urlencoded完全不同,multipart/form-
data需要首先在HTTP请求头设置一个分隔符,例如ABCD:
hc.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=ABCD");
然后,将每个字段用“--分隔符”分隔,最后一个“--分隔符--”表示结束。例如,要上传一个title字段"Today"和一
个文件C:\1.txt,HTTP正文如下:
--ABCD
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="title"
\r\n
Today
--ABCD
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1.txt"; filename="C:\1.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
\r\n
<这里是1.txt文件的内容>
--ABCD--
\r\n
浏览器将会发送以下数据:
POST /t2/upload.do HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: SOHUWapRebot
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Charset: GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 60408
Content-Type:multipart/form-data; boundary=ZnGpDtePMx0KrHh_G0X99Yef9r8JZsRJSXC
Host: w.sohu.com
--ZnGpDtePMx0KrHh_G0X99Yef9r8JZsRJSXC
Content-Disposition: form-data;name="desc"
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
[......][......][......][......]...........................
--ZnGpDtePMx0KrHh_G0X99Yef9r8JZsRJSXC
Content-Disposition: form-data;name="pic"; filename="photo.jpg"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
选择了这个边界之后,浏览器便把它放在Content-Type 里面传递给服务器,服务器根据此边界解析数据。下面的数据便根据boundary划分段,每一段便是一项数据。(每个field被分成小部分,而且包含一个value是"form-data"的"Content-Disposition"的头部;一个"name"属性对应field的ID,等等,文件的话包括一个filename)
- IE和Chrome在filename的选择策略上有所不同,前者是文件的完整路径,而后者则仅仅是文件名。
- 数据内容以两条横线结尾,并同样以一个换行结束。在网络协议中一般都以连续的CR、LF(即\r、\n,或0x0D、Ox0A)字符作为换行,这与Windows的标准一致。如果您使用其他操作系统,则需要考虑它们的换行符。
另外Content-length 指的是所用数据的长度。
httpClient4使用http-mime.jar包的MultipartEntity实现,代码如下(为了简洁,处理了异常处理代码):
HttpPost httpPost = newHttpPost(url);
Log.debug("post url:"+url);
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent","SOHUWapRebot");
httpPost.setHeader("Accept-Language","zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
httpPost.setHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
httpPost.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive");
MultipartEntity mutiEntity = newMultipartEntity();
File file = new File("d:/photo.jpg");
mutiEntity.addPart("desc",new StringBody("美丽的西双版纳", Charset.forName("utf-8")));
mutiEntity.addPart("pic", newFileBody(file));
httpPost.setEntity(mutiEntity);
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
String content = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
/**
* 向服务器上传文件
*
* @param urls
* @param path
* @param fileKey
* 文件键值
* @param fileType
* 文件类型
* @param file
* 提供的文件
* @param param
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String uploadFile(String urls, String path, String fileKey, String fileType, File file,
Map<String, Object> param) throws Exception {
String result = "";
if (urls == null || "".equals(urls) || path == null || "".equals(path)) {
return result;
}
String boundary = "---------------------------7db1c523809b2";
String end = "\r\n";
String twoHyphens = "--";
String newName = path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1, path.length());
Logger.e("请求url:" + urls);
Logger.e("上传的文件名:" + newName);
URL url = new URL(urls);
HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
http.setDoInput(true);
http.setDoOutput(true);
http.setUseCaches(false);
http.setRequestMethod(HTTP_POST);
http.setConnectTimeout(10 * 1000);
http.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
http.setRequestProperty("connection", "keep-alive");
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data;boundary=" + boundary);
// 构建参数
DataOutputStream data = new DataOutputStream(http.getOutputStream());
if (param != null && param.size() > 0) {
Set<String> set = param.keySet();
for (String string : set) {
data.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + end + "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + string + "\""
+ end + end + param.get(string) + end);
}
}
// 构建文件
data.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + end);
data.writeBytes(
"Content-Disposition: form-data; " + "name=\"" + fileKey + "\";filename=\"" + newName + "\"" + end);
data.writeBytes("Content-Type: " + fileType + end);
data.writeBytes(end);
/* 取得文件的FileInputStream */
if (file == null) {
file = new File(path);
}
FileInputStream fStream = new FileInputStream(file);
/* 设置每次写入1024bytes */
int bufferSize = 1024;
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
int length = -1;
int count = 0;
/* 从文件读取数据至缓冲区 */
while ((length = fStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
/* 将资料写入DataOutputStream中 */
data.write(buffer, 0, length);
count = count + length;
if (updataNum != null) {
updataNum.updataNum(count);
}
// Logger.e("上传大小:" + count);
}
data.writeBytes(end);
data.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + twoHyphens + end);
/* close streams */
fStream.close();
data.flush();
/* 取得Response内容 */
InputStream is = http.getInputStream();
int ch;
StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer();
while ((ch = is.read()) != -1) {
buff.append((char) ch);
}
/* 关闭DataOutputStream */
data.close();
result = buff.toString();
return result;
}