eNSP路由器接口地址通过DHCP分配

测试目的

• 路由器接口通过DHCP协议动态获取IP地址

应用场景

• 模拟自动化网管配置，上联设备作为DHCP中继，配置中继信息，当下联设备插入上联设备下联口，下联设备开启DHCP地址分配，则下联设备上联口即可获得IP地址。从而实现下联设备的上线实现统一管理。

测试环境

• eNSP 1.3.00.100 V100R003C000SPC100
• window 10

测试拓扑

拓扑配置

DHCP服务器配置

• 修改路由器名称。
• 开启全局DHCP功能。
• 配置端口地址，开启端口DHCP分配使能。
• 构建IP地址池。
• 配置静态路由。

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname DHCP-Server
[DHCP-Server]
[DHCP-Server]dhcp enable 
[DHCP-Server]
[DHCP-Server]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[DHCP-Server]ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 
[DHCP-Server]dhcp select global 
[DHCP-Server]q
[DHCP-Server]
[DHCP-Server]ip pool pool-10
[DHCP-Server-ip-pool-pool-10]network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.252 
[DHCP-Server-ip-pool-pool-10]gateway-list 192.168.10.1 
[DHCP-Server-ip-pool-pool-10]q
[DHCP-Server]
[DHCP-Server]ip route-static 192.168.0.0 16 192.168.100.2
[DHCP-Server]q
<DHCP-Server>save 
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<DHCP-Server>

云图配置

• 云图没有亦可以，只是体现DHCP服务器可能在不同的网络。
• 开启两个UDP端口即可。
  

上联设备（DHCP中继）配置

• 修改名称
• 开启全局DHCP功能。
• 配置GE0/0/1和DHCP服务器互联。
• 配置GE0/0/0端口地址，DHCP中继，DHCP服务器地址。

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname DHCP-Relay
[DHCP-Relay]dhcp enable 
[DHCP-Relay]
[DHCP-Relay]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[DHCP-Relay]
[DHCP-Relay]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.252 
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select relay
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.100.1
[DHCP-Relay-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[DHCP-Relay]q
<DHCP-Relay>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<DHCP-Relay>

下联设备（DHCP客户端）配置

• 修改名称
• 开启全局DHCP功能。
• 开启GE0/0/0的DHCP地址分配
• 开启默认路由

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname DHCP-Client
[DHCP-Client]
[DHCP-Client]dhcp enable 
[DHCP-Client]
[DHCP-Client]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[DHCP-Client-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address dhcp-alloc
[DHCP-Client-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[DHCP-Client]q
<DHCP-Client>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<DHCP-Client>

抓包报文

• 通过抓包报文发现实际交互是由中继与服务器进行的，这个也是中继的职责哈。
  

拓扑说明

实际应用中一般不会直接一起配置DHCP服务器地址池和DHCP 中继。而是先配置DHCP中继，再等DHCP客户端接入中继开启DHCP功能发送DHCP discover报文给DHCP服务器，DHCP服务器根据discover报文中Relay地址（一般作为DHCP客户端的网关），厂商信息构建地址池。整个流程并非完全自动化，需要人工在合适的时机去触发，这个主要便于可管可控，但是总体上人为的配置基本可以忽略，从而实现运维自动化。