[ 物联网篇 ] 22 - ARM交叉编译器中参数配置 soft / softhp / hard

7月份开发的项目中遇到一个ARM 交叉编译器参数配置问题，前后花费的时间比较多，记录下折腾的过程。

TODO

1. 如何评估应用程序的运算量 ?
2. 如何测试芯片平台是否支持浮点运算？
3. 交叉编译器支持浮点运算和不支持浮点运算量的对比 ?
4. 交叉编译器中参数配置(soft / softhp / hard) 三者的区别以及性能比较

常用的交叉编译器

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=./arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/toolchain/gcc/linux-x86/arm/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/6.3.1/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: '/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/snapshots/gcc.git~linaro-6.3-2017.05/configure' SHELL=/bin/bash --with-mpc=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-mpfr=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gmp=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-libmudflap --enable-lto --enable-shared --without-included-gettext --enable-nls --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-c99 --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-long-long --with-cloog=no --with-ppl=no --with-isl=no --disable-multilib --with-float=hard --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-mode=thumb --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-arch=armv7-a --enable-threads=posix --enable-multiarch --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-build-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/sysroots/arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-checking=release --disable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabihf/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 6.3.1 20170404 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.05) 

其中注意到的–with-float=hard 参数说明

另外的软件浮点运算的编译器，可以发现 --with-float=soft

./arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/toolchain/gcc/linux-x86/arm/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1/bin/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi-gcc.br_real
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/toolchain/gcc/linux-x86/arm/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.5.0/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: ./configure --prefix=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1 --sysconfdir=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1/etc --enable-static --target=arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --disable-__cxa_atexit --with-gnu-ld --disable-libssp --disable-multilib --with-gmp=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1 --with-mpc=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1 --with-mpfr=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1 --with-pkgversion='Buildroot 2017.11.1' --with-bugurl=http://bugs.buildroot.net/ --disable-libquadmath --enable-tls --disable-libmudflap --enable-threads --without-isl --without-cloog --with-float=soft --disable-decimal-float --with-abi=aapcs-linux --with-cpu=cortex-a9 --with-float=soft --with-mode=arm --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-build-time-tools=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.5-linux-4.1-glibc-2.26-binutils-2.28.1/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin --enable-shared --disable-libgomp
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.5.0 (Buildroot 2017.11.1) 

编译器名称

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc

arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi-gcc

armel和armhf的区别

它们的区别体现在浮点运算上，它们在进行浮点运算时都会使用fpu，但是armel传参数用普通寄存器，而armhf传参数用的是fpu的寄存器，因此armhf的浮点运算性能更高。

gcc编译的时候，使用-mfloat-abi选项来指定浮点运算使用的是哪种，soft不使用fpu，armel使用fpu，使用普通寄存器，armhf使用fpu，使用fpu的寄存器。

参考

• 交叉编译器 arm-linux-gnueabi 和 arm-linux-gnueabihf 的区别

• ARMCC和GCC编译ARM代码的软浮点和硬浮点问题

• 交叉编译器 arm-linux-gnueabi 和 arm-linux-gnueabihf 的区别