相关文章链接:
1. Android Framework - 学习启动篇
2. Android Binder 驱动 - Media 服务的添加过程
3. Android Binder 驱动 - 启动 ServiceManager 进程
4. Android Binder 驱动 - 内核驱动层源码分析
5. Android Binder 驱动 - 从驱动层来分析服务的添加过程
6. Android Binder 驱动 - 从 Java 层来跟踪服务的查找过程
相关源码文件:
/frameworks/av/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp
/frameworks/native/libs/binder/ProcessState.cpp
/frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
/frameworks/native/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
/frameworks/native/include/binder/IInterface.h
/frameworks/native/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
/frameworks/native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
/frameworks/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
Media 进程是由 init 进程通过解析 init.rc 文件而创建的。
service media /system/bin/mediaserver
class main
user media
group audio camera inet net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct drmrpc mediadrm
ioprio rt 4
可执行文件对应的源码在 /frameworks/av/media/mediaserver/main_mediaserver.cpp 中,我们找到 main 方法,注意这里分析源码我们主要关心 Binder 驱动:
int main(int argc __unused, char** argv)
{
...
InitializeIcuOrDie();
// ProcessState 是一个单例, sp<ProcessState> 就看成是 ProcessState
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
...
// 注册 MediaPlayerService 服务
MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
...
// 启动 Binder 线程池
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
// 当前线程加入到线程池
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}
sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(gProcessMutex);
if (gProcess != NULL) {
return gProcess;
}
// 实例化 ProcessState , 跳转到构造函数
gProcess = new ProcessState;
return gProcess;
}
ProcessState::ProcessState()
: mDriverFD(open_driver()) // 注意这里还有个 open_driver() 函数,打开 Binder 驱动
, mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
, mThreadCountLock(PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER)
, mThreadCountDecrement(PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER)
, mExecutingThreadsCount(0)
, mMaxThreads(DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS)
, mManagesContexts(false)
, mBinderContextCheckFunc(NULL)
, mBinderContextUserData(NULL)
, mThreadPoolStarted(false)
, mThreadPoolSeq(1)
{
if (mDriverFD >= 0) {
// 采用内存映射函数 mmap,给 binder 分配一块虚拟地址空间
// BINDER_VM_SIZE = 1M - 8k
mVMStart = mmap(0, BINDER_VM_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
if (mVMStart == MAP_FAILED) {
// 没有足够空间分配给 /dev/binder, 则关闭驱动
close(mDriverFD);
mDriverFD = -1;
}
}
}
static int open_driver()
{
// 打开 /dev/binder 设备,建立与内核的 Binder 驱动的交互通道
int fd = open("/dev/binder", O_RDWR);
if (fd >= 0) {
fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
int vers = 0;
status_t result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);
if (result == -1) {
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
if (result != 0 || vers != BINDER_CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
close(fd);
fd = -1;
}
size_t maxThreads = DEFAULT_MAX_BINDER_THREADS;
// 通过 ioctl 设置 binder 驱动,能支持的最大线程数
result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);
if (result == -1) {
ALOGE("Binder ioctl to set max threads failed: %s", strerror(errno));
}
} else {
ALOGW("Opening '/dev/binder' failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
return fd;
}
binder 驱动是整个 Android FrameWork 中比较晦涩难懂的一个部分,早些年我也曾尝试着去看这些代码,但那时的第一感觉是这辈子都不可能看懂了。因此刚开始我们不需要去细扣,还有就是 linux 基础知识很重要。这里我们只需要了解 open 是打开驱动、mmap 是映射驱动、ioctl 是操作驱动、close 是关闭驱动,分别对应驱动层的 binder_open、binder_mmap、binder_ioctl 和 binder_colse 方法就可以了。接着看下 MediaPlayerService::instantiate() :
void MediaPlayerService::instantiate() {
// 注册服务 defaultServiceManager() = new BpServiceManager(new BpBinder(0))
defaultServiceManager()->addService(String16("media.player"), new MediaPlayerService());
}
sp<IServiceManager> defaultServiceManager(){
// 其实也是一个单例,但刚开始肯定是 == NULL
if(gDefaultServiceManager!=NULL)return gDefaultServiceManager;
// 加一把自动锁
AutoMutex _l(gDefaultServiceManagerLock);
while(gDefaultServiceManager==NULL){
// ProcessState::self() 上面介绍过了,这里主要看 getContextObject(NULL)
gDefaultServiceManager=interface_cast<IServiceManager> (
ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL));
// 有可能 ServiceManager 进程还没来的及初始化,适当等待
if(gDefaultServiceManager==NULL){
sleep(1);
}
}
return gDefaultServiceManager;
}
sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getContextObject(const sp<IBinder>& /*caller*/) {
return getStrongProxyForHandle(0);
}
sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getStrongProxyForHandle(int32_t handle) {
sp<IBinder> result;
AutoMutex _l (mLock);
handle_entry * e = lookupHandleLocked(handle);
if (e != NULL) {
// handle_entry 是从缓存里面获取的,刚开始 e -> binder 是空
IBinder * b = e -> binder;
if (b == NULL || !e -> refs -> attemptIncWeak(this)) {
// 这里 handle 是 0 ,PING_TRANSACTION 看 ServiceManager 进程能不能访问
if (handle == 0) {
Parcel data;
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self () -> transact(
0, IBinder::PING_TRANSACTION, data, NULL, 0);
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) {
return NULL;
}
}
// new BpBinder(0);
b = new BpBinder(handle);
e -> binder = b;
if (b) e -> refs = b -> getWeakRefs();
result = b;
} else {
result.force_set(b);
e -> refs -> decWeak(this);
}
}
return result;
}
ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL) 返回的是 new BpBinder(0) , handle 值为 0 代表是 ServiceManager 进程,关于 ServiceManager 的启动过程后面会分析到。我们接着往下看 interface_cast(new BpBinder(0))
template<typename INTERFACE>
inline sp<INTERFACE> interface_cast(const sp<IBinder>&obj) {
return INTERFACE::asInterface (obj);
}
DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager);
define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE)
static const android::String16 descriptor;
static android::sp<I##INTERFACE> asInterface(const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);
virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
I##INTERFACE();
virtual ~I##INTERFACE();
IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager, "android.os.IServiceManager");
#define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME)
const android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME);
const android::String16&I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {
return I##INTERFACE::descriptor;
}
android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface(const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj) {
android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr;
if (obj != NULL) {
intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>(obj->queryLocalInterface(I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get());
if (intr == NULL) {
intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj);
}
}
return intr;
}
I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { }
I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { }
上面主要是宏定义的展开和替换,刚开始看我也是一头雾水,在 IServiceManager 中找了半天也没找到 asInterface 方法, 因此这里最终返回的是 BpServiceManager
virtual status_t addService(const String16& name, const sp<IBinder>& service, bool allowIsolated) {
// Parcel 是内存共享读写
Parcel data, reply;
// 写入头信息 "android.os.IServiceManager" ,ServiceManager 进程收到请求后会判断
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
// name为 "media.player"
data.writeString16(name);
// MediaPlayerService 对象
data.writeStrongBinder(service);
// allowIsolated = false
data.writeInt32(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
// remote() 指向的是 BpBinder 对象
status_t err = remote()->transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);
return err == NO_ERROR ? reply.readExceptionCode() : err;
}
status_t Parcel::writeStrongBinder(const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
return flatten_binder(ProcessState::self(), val, this);
}
status_t flatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& /*proc*/,
const sp<IBinder>& binder, Parcel* out)
{
flat_binder_object obj;
obj.flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;
if (binder != NULL) {
// 本地 Binder 不为空,返回的是 this ,也就是 MediaPlayerService 对象
IBinder *local = binder->localBinder();
if (!local) {
BpBinder *proxy = binder->remoteBinder();
const int32_t handle = proxy ? proxy->handle() : 0;
obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
obj.binder = 0;
obj.handle = handle;
obj.cookie = 0;
} else {
// 进入该分支,type 是 BINDER_TYPE_BINDER
obj.type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
obj.binder = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local->getWeakRefs());
// cookie 传的是强引用也就是 MediaPlayerService 对象的地址
obj.cookie = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(local);
}
} else {
...
}
return finish_flatten_binder(binder, obj, out);
}
inline static status_t finish_flatten_binder(
const sp<IBinder>& , const flat_binder_object& flat, Parcel* out)
{
return out->writeObject(flat, false);
}
status_t BpBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
if (mAlive) {
// code=ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION 交给了 IPCThreadState::self()
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
return status;
}
return DEAD_OBJECT;
}
/* TLS是指 Thread local storage (线程本地储存空间),每个线程都拥有自己的TLS,并且是私有空间,线程之间不会共享,
从线程本地存储空间中获得保存在其中的IPCThreadState对象,
与 Java 中的 ThreadLocal 类似。*/
IPCThreadState* IPCThreadState::self()
{
if (gHaveTLS) {
restart:
const pthread_key_t k = gTLS;
IPCThreadState* st = (IPCThreadState*) pthread_getspecific(k);
if (st) return st;
// 初始IPCThreadState
return new IPCThreadState;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&gTLSMutex);
// 首次进入 gHaveTLS 为 false
if (!gHaveTLS) {
// 创建线程的TLS
if (pthread_key_create(&gTLS, threadDestructor) != 0) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gTLSMutex);
return NULL;
}
gHaveTLS = true;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gTLSMutex);
goto restart;
}
IPCThreadState::IPCThreadState()
: mProcess(ProcessState::self()),
mMyThreadId(gettid()),
mStrictModePolicy(0),
mLastTransactionBinderFlags(0)
{
// 通过 pthread_setspecific/pthread_getspecific 来设置获取 IPCThreadState
pthread_setspecific(gTLS, this);
clearCaller();
// mIn 用来接收来自 Binder 设备的数据
mIn.setDataCapacity(256);
// mOut用来存储发往 Binder 设备的数据
mOut.setDataCapacity(256);
}
上面有一个非常重要的结构体 flat_binder_object,参数分别有 type、 binder、handle 和 cookie ,这个是 binder 驱动处理的精髓之一。transact 最终交给了 IPCThreadState::self() 不同的线程有且只有一个单独的 IPCThreadState 对象。
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
....
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
// 传输数据
err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);
}
...
if ((flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
if (reply) {
//等待响应
err = waitForResponse(reply);
} else {
Parcel fakeReply;
err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);
}
} else {
// oneway,则不需要等待 reply 的场景
err = waitForResponse(NULL, NULL);
}
return err;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
tr.target.ptr = 0;
// handle = 0 ,代表是要转发给 ServiceManager 进程
tr.target.handle = handle;
// code = ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION 动作是添加服务
tr.code = code;
// binderFlags = 0
tr.flags = binderFlags;
tr.cookie = 0;
tr.sender_pid = 0;
tr.sender_euid = 0;
// data 为记录 Media 服务信息的 Parcel 对象
const status_t err = data.errorCheck();
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
// mDataSize, 这个里面有多少数据
tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();
// mData
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
// mObjectsSize
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(binder_size_t);
// mObjects
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
} else if (statusBuffer) {
...
} else {
return (mLastError = err);
}
// cmd = BC_TRANSACTION , 驱动找到 ServiceManager 后会像客户端返回一个 BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE 表示通信请求已被接受,然后 Client 进入等待
mOut.writeInt32(cmd);
// 写入 binder_transaction_data 数据
mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));
return NO_ERROR;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;
while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;
...
if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: ...
case BR_DEAD_REPLY: ...
case BR_FAILED_REPLY: ...
case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT: ...
case BR_REPLY: ...
goto finish;
default:
err = executeCommand(cmd);
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
break;
}
}
...
return err;
}
status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
...
binder_write_read bwr;
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();
if (doReceive && needRead) {
//接收数据缓冲区信息的填充。如果以后收到数据,就直接填在mIn中了。
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
}
//当读缓冲和写缓冲都为空,则直接返回
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
//通过ioctl不停的读写操作,跟Binder Driver进行通信
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)
err = NO_ERROR;
...
} while (err == -EINTR); //当被中断,则继续执行
...
return err;
}
至此添加服务的过程已全部分析完毕,最后是交给了binder 驱动的 ioctl 方法,至于数据发到哪里去了其内部实现又是怎样的,这里暂时不做讲解。具体的数据有 interfaceToken(远程服务的名称)、handle(远程服务的句柄)、cookie(本地服务的地址),有两个结构体 flat_binder_object 和 binder_write_read。
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