想象一下这样场景,一条工作流水线上,要对产品进行多道加工,有些部分有机器来加工,而有些是用人来加工,但是不同人根据自己的特点来做。这就是模板方法的模型。父类定义了模板方法,但是某些步骤由子类来完成。
在来看下定义:模板方法模式:在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架,而将一些步骤延迟到子类中,模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下,重新定义算法中的某些步骤。
"挂钩",某些步骤可以做也可以不做,因此可以加入if判断来决定。
(https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150309095553316)
这里有一个原则:别调用(打电话给)我们,我们会调用(打电话给)你。
意思是允许底层组件将自己挂钩到系统上,但是高层组件会决定什么时候和怎样使用这些底层组件。
但是现实中模板方法会发生遍历,比如对象排序Array.sort(Comparable),被排序对象需要实现Comparable,并实现compareTo()方法。
代码:
父类
public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
public final void prepareRecipe(){
boilWater();
brew();
pourInCup();
if(customerWantsCondiments()){
addCondiments();
}
}
public abstract void brew();
public abstract void addCondiments();
public void boilWater(){
System.out.println("Boiling water");
}
public void pourInCup(){
System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
}
public boolean customerWantsCondiments(){
return true;
}
}
具体子类子类
public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage{
@Override
public void brew() {
System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
}
@Override
public void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
}
public boolean customerWantsCondiments(){
String answer = getUserInput();
if(answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
private String getUserInput(){
String answer = null;
System.out.println("Would you like milk and sugar with you coffee(y/n)");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
answer = in.readLine();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
if(answer == null){
return "no";
}
return answer;
}
}
public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage{
@Override
public void brew(){
System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
}
@Override
public void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
}
}
客户端
public class BeverageTestDrive {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Coffee coffeeWithHook = new Coffee();
coffeeWithHook.prepareRecipe();
}
}
排序
public class Duck implements Comparable{
String name;
int weight;
public Duck(String name,int weight){
this.name = name;
this.weight = weight;
}
public String toString(){
return name + " weights" + weight;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Object object) {
Duck otherDuck = (Duck)object;
if(this.weight < otherDuck.weight){
return -1;
}else if(this.weight == otherDuck.weight){
return 0;
}else{
return 1;
}
}
}
客户端
public class DuckSortTestDrive {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Duck[] ducks = {
new Duck("Daffy",8),
new Duck("Dewey",2),
new Duck("Howard",7),
new Duck("Louie",2)
};
System.out.println("Before sorting:");
display(ducks);
Arrays.sort(ducks);
System.out.println("After sorting:");
display(ducks);
}
public static void display(Duck[] ducks){
for(int i = 0; i < ducks.length;i++){
System.out.print(ducks[i] + " ");
}
}
}