public static void main(String[] args) {
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
.build();
try {
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://www.baiduc.com");
BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("name", "zhaoke");
cookie.setVersion(0);
cookie.setDomain("/pms/"); //设置范围
cookie.setPath("/");
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
httpClient.execute(post);//
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Local cookie: " + cookies.get(i));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
}
}
一、HttpClient简介
HttpClient是一个客户端的HTTP通信实现库,它不是一个浏览器。关于HTTP协议,可以搜索相关的资料。它设计的目的是发送与接收HTTP报文。它不会执行嵌入在页面中JavaScript代码,所以当需要抓取通过AJAX技术获取实际内容的页面时需要使用WebClient等其他开源库。HttpClient最新版已经到第5版,但已经稳定的应该是4.5.2版本,官方网址:http://hc.apache.org/。
二、HttpClient简单使用
HttpClient的主要用途是接收HTTP响应的内容,下面介绍HttpClient的简单使用,抓取博客园的首页。至于HttpClient4.5的常用API可以参考这篇文章:http://liangbizhi.github.io/httpclient-4-3-x-chapter-1/。
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package
com.httpclient.demo;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.nio.charset.Charset;
import
java.util.regex.Matcher;
import
java.util.regex.Pattern;
import
org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import
org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import
org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import
org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import
org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public
class
SimpleHttpClient {
// 使用HttpClient获取博客园首页
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String targetUrl =
"http://www.cnblogs.com/"
;
// 1.建立HttpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 2.建立Get请求
HttpGet get =
new
HttpGet(targetUrl);
// 3.发送Get请求
CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(get);
// 4.处理请求结果
if
(res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
HttpEntity entity = res.getEntity();
ContentType contentType = ContentType.getOrDefault(entity);
Charset charset = contentType.getCharset();
String mimeType = contentType.getMimeType();
// 获取字节数组
byte
[] content = EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity);
if
(charset ==
null
) {
// 默认编码转成字符串
String temp =
new
String(content);
String regEx =
"(?=<meta).*?(?<=charset=[\\'|\\\"]?)([[a-z]|[A-Z]|[0-9]|-]*)"
;
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regEx, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
Matcher m = p.matcher(temp);
if
(m.find() && m.groupCount() ==
1
) {
charset = Charset.forName(m.group(
1
));
}
else
{
charset = Charset.forName(
"ISO-8859-1"
);
}
}
System.out.println(
new
String(content, charset));
}
}
}
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三、HttpClient模拟登陆
HTTP协议本来是无状态的,但为了保持会话的状态,使用Cookie保存Session信息,当向服务器发送请求时会附加一些会话信息,从而能区分不同会话的状态。用户登陆过程,其实简单而言,就是首先验证用户名与密码,然后服务器生成会话信息保存到本地,最后用户凭借会话信息能够访问类似用户信息等需登陆的网页。
HttpClient4.5通过CookieStore保存用户的会话信息,还提供HttpClientContext保存用户连接的信息。下面是一个使用HttpClient模拟知乎登陆的简单案例。
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package
com.httpclient.demo;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.util.LinkedList;
import
java.util.List;
import
org.apache.http.Consts;
import
org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import
org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import
org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import
org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import
org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import
org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import
org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import
org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import
org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import
org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
/**
* 模拟登陆知乎
*/
public
class
ZhiHuTest {
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
java.text.ParseException {
String name =
"username"
;
String password =
"password"
// 全局请求设置
RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD).build();
// 创建cookie store的本地实例
CookieStore cookieStore =
new
BasicCookieStore();
// 创建HttpClient上下文
HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
// 创建一个HttpClient
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig)
.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
CloseableHttpResponse res =
null
;
// 创建本地的HTTP内容
try
{
try
{
// 创建一个get请求用来获取必要的Cookie,如_xsrf信息
HttpGet get =
new
HttpGet(
"http://www.zhihu.com/"
);
res = httpClient.execute(get, context);
// 获取常用Cookie,包括_xsrf信息
System.out.println(
"访问知乎首页后的获取的常规Cookie:==============="
);
for
(Cookie c : cookieStore.getCookies()) {
System.out.println(c.getName() +
": "
+ c.getValue());
}
res.close();
// 构造post数据
List<NameValuePair> valuePairs =
new
LinkedList<NameValuePair>();
valuePairs.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"email"
, name));
valuePairs.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"password"
, password));
valuePairs.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"remember_me"
,
"true"
));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity =
new
UrlEncodedFormEntity(valuePairs, Consts.UTF_8);
entity.setContentType(
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
);
// 创建一个post请求
HttpPost post =
new
HttpPost(
"https://www.zhihu.com/login/email"
);
// 注入post数据
post.setEntity(entity);
res = httpClient.execute(post, context);
// 打印响应信息,查看是否登陆是否成功
System.out.println(
"打印响应信息==========="
);
HttpClientUtils.printResponse(res);
res.close();
System.out.println(
"登陆成功后,新的Cookie:==============="
);
for
(Cookie c : context.getCookieStore().getCookies()) {
System.out.println(c.getName() +
": "
+ c.getValue());
}
// 构造一个新的get请求,用来测试登录是否成功
HttpGet newGet =
new
HttpGet(
"http://www.zhihu.com/question/following"
);
res = httpClient.execute(newGet, context);
String content = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
System.out.println(
"登陆成功后访问的页面==============="
);
System.out.println(content);
res.close();
}
finally
{
httpClient.close();
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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