HttpClient 每次使用后到底需不需要 close,特别是在使用连接池的情况下
What is the difference between CloseableHttpClient and HttpClient in Apache HttpClient API?
The other answers don't seem to address why close()
is really necessary? * 2
Doubt on the answer "HttpClient resource deallocation".
It is mentioned in old 3.x httpcomponents doc, which is long back and has a lot difference from 4.x HC. Besides the explanation is so brief that doesn't say what this underlying resource is.
I did some research on 4.5.2 release source code, found the implementations of CloseableHttpClient:close()
basically only closes its connection manager.
(FYI) That's why when you use a shared PoolingClientConnectionManager
and call client close()
, exception java.lang.IllegalStateException: Connection pool shut down
will occur. To avoid, setConnectionManagerShared
works.
I prefer not do CloseableHttpClient:close()
after every single request
I used to create a new http client instance when doing request and finally close it. In this case, it'd better not to call close()
. Since, if connection manager doesn't have "shared" flag, it'll be shutdown, which is too expensive for a single request.
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.AuthSchemes;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2018/05/09.
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
private static RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(200).setSocketTimeout(500)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(200).setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD_STRICT).
setExpectContinueEnabled(true).
setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.NTLM, AuthSchemes.DIGEST)).
setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.BASIC)).build();
//https
private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory socketFactory;
private static TrustManager manager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
private static void enableSSL() {
try {
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{manager}, null);
socketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static HttpRequestRetryHandler myRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
@Override
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
return false;
}};
static {
enableSSL();
}
private static Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE).register("https", socketFactory).build();
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pccm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
static {
pccm.setMaxTotal(100); // 连接池最大并发连接数
pccm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20); // 单路由最大并发数
}
private static HttpClientBuilder clientBuilder = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(pccm).
setConnectionManagerShared(true).setRetryHandler(myRetryHandler)
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig);
/**
* https get
* @param url
* @param data
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static CloseableHttpResponse doGet(String url, String data){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = clientBuilder.build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, context);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return response;
}
/**
* https/http post
* @param url
* @param values
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static CloseableHttpResponse doPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> values) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = clientBuilder.build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(values, Consts.UTF_8);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
}catch (Exception e){}
return response;
}
public static CloseableHttpResponse doJsonPost(String url,String json){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = clientBuilder.build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse;
httpPost.addHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
httpPost.addHeader("charset", "utf-8");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
}catch (Exception e){}
return response;
}
/**
* 直接把Response内的Entity内容转换成String
*
* @param httpResponse
* @return
*/
public static String toString(CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse) {
if(httpResponse == null) return null;
// 获取响应消息实体
String result = null;
try {
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
}
}catch (Exception e){}finally {
try {
httpResponse.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
CloseableHttpResponse response = HttpClientUtil.doGet("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wxb2ebe42765aad029&secret=720661590f720b1f501ab3f390f80d52","");
System.out.println(HttpClientUtil.toString(response));
response = HttpClientUtil.doPost("http://www.baidu.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wxb2ebe42765aad029&secret=720661590f720b1f501ab3f390f80d52",
new ArrayList<NameValuePair>());
System.out.println(HttpClientUtil.toString(response));
}
}