使用HttpUrlConnection模拟post表单进行文件上传平时很少使用,比较麻烦。
原理是: 分析文件上传的数据格式,然后根据格式构造相应的发送给服务器的字符串。
格式如下:这里的httppost123是我自己构造的字符串,可以是其他任何的字符串
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="t.txt" (\r\n)
Content-Type: application/octet-stream (\r\n)
(\r\n)
sdfsdfsdfsdfsdf (\r\n)
----------httppost123 (\r\n)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="text" (\r\n)
(\r\n)
text tttt (\r\n)
----------httppost123-- (\r\n)
(\r\n)
上面的(\r\n)表示各个数据必须以(\r\n)结尾。
具体Java代码如下:
- import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
- import java.io.DataOutputStream;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.net.URLEncoder;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Set;
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
- import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
- public class HttpPostUtil {
- URL url;
- HttpURLConnection conn;
- String boundary = "--------httppost123";
- Map<String, String> textParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
- Map<String, File> fileparams = new HashMap<String, File>();
- DataOutputStream ds;
- public HttpPostUtil(String url) throws Exception {
- this.url = new URL(url);
- }
- //重新设置要请求的服务器地址,即上传文件的地址。
- public void setUrl(String url) throws Exception {
- this.url = new URL(url);
- }
- //增加一个普通字符串数据到form表单数据中
- public void addTextParameter(String name, String value) {
- textParams.put(name, value);
- }
- //增加一个文件到form表单数据中
- public void addFileParameter(String name, File value) {
- fileparams.put(name, value);
- }
- // 清空所有已添加的form表单数据
- public void clearAllParameters() {
- textParams.clear();
- fileparams.clear();
- }
- // 发送数据到服务器,返回一个字节包含服务器的返回结果的数组
- public byte[] send() throws Exception {
- initConnection();
- try {
- conn.connect();
- } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
- // something
- throw new RuntimeException();
- }
- ds = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
- writeFileParams();
- writeStringParams();
- paramsEnd();
- InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
- ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- int b;
- while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
- out.write(b);
- }
- conn.disconnect();
- return out.toByteArray();
- }
- //文件上传的connection的一些必须设置
- private void initConnection() throws Exception {
- conn = (HttpURLConnection) this.url.openConnection();
- conn.setDoOutput(true);
- conn.setUseCaches(false);
- conn.setConnectTimeout(10000); //连接超时为10秒
- conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
- conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
- "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
- }
- //普通字符串数据
- private void writeStringParams() throws Exception {
- Set<String> keySet = textParams.keySet();
- for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
- String name = it.next();
- String value = textParams.get(name);
- ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name
- + "\"\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes(encode(value) + "\r\n");
- }
- }
- //文件数据
- private void writeFileParams() throws Exception {
- Set<String> keySet = fileparams.keySet();
- for (Iterator<String> it = keySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
- String name = it.next();
- File value = fileparams.get(name);
- ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name
- + "\"; filename=\"" + encode(value.getName()) + "\"\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("Content-Type: " + getContentType(value) + "\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
- ds.write(getBytes(value));
- ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
- }
- }
- //获取文件的上传类型,图片格式为image/png,image/jpg等。非图片为application/octet-stream
- private String getContentType(File f) throws Exception {
- // return "application/octet-stream"; // 此行不再细分是否为图片,全部作为application/octet-stream 类型
- ImageInputStream imagein = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(f);
- if (imagein == null) {
- return "application/octet-stream";
- }
- Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReaders(imagein);
- if (!it.hasNext()) {
- imagein.close();
- return "application/octet-stream";
- }
- imagein.close();
- return "image/" + it.next().getFormatName().toLowerCase();//将FormatName返回的值转换成小写,默认为大写
- }
- //把文件转换成字节数组
- private byte[] getBytes(File f) throws Exception {
- FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
- ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- byte[] b = new byte[1024];
- int n;
- while ((n = in.read(b)) != -1) {
- out.write(b, 0, n);
- }
- in.close();
- return out.toByteArray();
- }
- //添加结尾数据
- private void paramsEnd() throws Exception {
- ds.writeBytes("--" + boundary + "--" + "\r\n");
- ds.writeBytes("\r\n");
- }
- // 对包含中文的字符串进行转码,此为UTF-8。服务器那边要进行一次解码
- private String encode(String value) throws Exception{
- return URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8");
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HttpPostUtil u = new HttpPostUtil("http://localhost:3000/up_load");
- u.addFileParameter("img", new File(
- "D:\\素材\\圆月.jpg"));
- u.addTextParameter("text", "中文");
- byte[] b = u.send();
- String result = new String(b);
- System.out.println(result);
- }
- }
后台使用ruby进行接收
ruby代码如下:
- require "cgi"
- class UpLoadController < ApplicationController
- protect_from_forgery :except=>:index
- def index
- img = params[:img]
- if img.kind_of? String
- logger.debug "img string : #{img}"
- else
- logger.debug "Content-Type:#{img.content_type}"
- logger.debug "or:#{CGI.unescape(img.original_filename)}"
- end
- text = params[:text]
- logger.debug "text:#{CGI.unescape(text)}"
- render :text=>"OK"
- end
- end
日志输入如下:
Content-Type:image/jpeg
or:圆月.jpg
text:中文
如果不把中文转成UTF-8的格式进行传输,则后台显示中文乱码。
同样,如果其他参数包含中文,则也应当先转码。
当然,具体什么编码要和后台接收的编码一致。
另外附上c#的代码,因为对c#不太熟悉,但代码测试基本可以实现了。
- using System;
- using System.Drawing;
- using System.IO;
- using System.Net;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Drawing.Imaging;
- namespace MyThreading
- {
- class HttpPostUtil
- {
- string boundary = "------httpost123";
- string url;
- byte[] bs= new byte[0];
- Encoding encoder = Encoding.UTF8;
- public HttpPostUtil(string url)
- {
- this.url = url;
- }
- public byte[] Send()
- {
- WebClient myWebClient = new WebClient();
- myWebClient.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
- EndData();
- return myWebClient.UploadData(url,bs);
- }
- public void ClearData()
- {
- Array.Clear(bs, 0, bs.Length);
- }
- public void AddTextParameter(string name, string value)
- {
- StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
- s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n");
- s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"\r\n");
- s.Append("\r\n");
- s.Append(value).Append("\r\n");
- AppendString(s.ToString());
- }
- public void AddFileParameter(string name, FileInfo file)
- {
- StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
- s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("\r\n");
- s.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + name + "\"; filename=\"" + file.Name + "\"\r\n");
- s.Append("Content-Type: " + GetContentType(file) + "\r\n");
- s.Append("\r\n");
- AppendString(s.ToString());
- AppendBytes(GetFileBytes(file));
- AppendString("\r\n");
- }
- byte[] GetFileBytes(FileInfo f)
- {
- FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open);
- BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(fs);
- byte[] b = br.ReadBytes((int)f.Length);
- br.Close();
- fs.Close();
- return b;
- }
- string GetContentType(FileInfo f)
- {
- // return "application/octet-stream"; //取消注释此行,则不再区分是否为图片
- System.Drawing.Image image = null;
- FileStream fs = new FileStream(f.FullName, FileMode.Open);
- try
- {
- image = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(fs);
- }
- catch (ArgumentException)
- {
- // 文件无法被解析为一个图片
- return "application/octet-stream";
- }
- finally
- {
- fs.Close();
- }
- return GetFormat(image.RawFormat);
- }
- string GetFormat(ImageFormat imf)
- {
- if (ImageFormat.Bmp.Equals(imf))
- {
- return "image/bmp";
- }
- if (ImageFormat.Jpeg.Equals(imf))
- {
- return "image/jpeg";
- }
- if (ImageFormat.Png.Equals(imf))
- {
- return "image/png";
- }
- return "application/octet-stream";
- }
- void AppendBytes(byte[] bytes)
- {
- byte[] newByte = new byte[bs.Length + bytes.Length];
- Array.Copy(bs, 0, newByte, 0, bs.Length);
- Array.Copy(bytes, 0, newByte, bs.Length, bytes.Length);
- bs = newByte;
- }
- void AppendString(string value)
- {
- byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);
- AppendBytes(bytes);
- }
- void EndData()
- {
- StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
- s.Append("--").Append(boundary).Append("--\r\n");
- s.Append("\r\n");
- AppendString(s.ToString());
- }
- }
- }
在我本机测试,中文没有出现乱码。
c#调用方法:
- string url = "http://localhost:3000/up_load";
- string imgPath = @"D:\素材\圆月.jpg";
- HttpPostUtil hp = new HttpPostUtil(url);
- hp.AddTextParameter("text","中文");
- hp.AddFileParameter("img",new FileInfo(imgPath));
- byte[] b = hp.Send();
- Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b));
如有错误,请补充下。