docker的安装
Docker
安装docker:
docker官方安装文档:https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/
# 卸载旧版本:
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 这个地址是国外的,非常慢,可以替换为国内的
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 替换成这个
# 更新索引
yum makecache fast
# 安装docker相关的 ce社区版, ee企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 查看docker信息
docker version
通过上面的步骤,docker已经安装并启动了,下面来测试docker是否能够正常使用,运行 helloworld
卸载docker
# 移除安装包
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 删除docker资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
配置阿里云镜像加速
位置:登录阿里云后 - 产品与服务 - 弹性计算 - 容器镜像服务
配置文件如下(一共分四步):
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ae0327q6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
选择最下面的镜像加速器:
Docker run 的运行原理
Docker的工作原理
Docker是一个 Client - Server 结构的系统,Docker的守护进程运行在主机上,通过Socket从客户端访问,DockerServer接收到Docker-Client的指令,就会执行这个命令
Docker中的每个容器,都好比一个台小型的 Linux 虚拟机,比如:容器1运行mysql 开放端口3306 ;容器2运行网站,开放端口8080
Docker的常用命令
命令的文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
帮助命令
docker --help # 查看帮助
docker version # 查看版本信息
docker info # 显示docker系统详细信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
# 查看docker的版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
# 安装指定版本的docker
yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io
镜像命令
docker images
docker images # 是查看docker的镜像
显示结果参数:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
REPOSITORY | 镜像的仓库源 |
TAG | 镜像的标签 |
IMAGE ID | 镜像的ID |
CREATED | 镜像的创建时间 |
SIZE | 镜像的大小 |
常用选项
选项 | 说明 |
---|---|
-a , --all | 显示所有的镜像(默认) |
-q , --quiet | 只显示镜像的ID |
例如:
[root@alios ~]# docker images # 默认显示全部信息
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
[root@alios ~]# docker images -q # 只显示ID
bf756fb1ae65
docker search
docker search # 是搜索镜像,我们也可以在网页上搜索: http://hub.docker.com
常用选项:
选项 | 说明 |
---|---|
-f, --filter | 对搜索的结果进行过滤 |
例如:
# 对stars列进行过滤,满足大于5000的才显示
[root@alios ~]# docker search mysql -f stars=5000
[root@alios ~]# docker search mysql --filter stars=5000 # 与上面等价
docker pull
docker pull 镜像名[ :TAG ] # 下载镜像,如果不写 tag,默认下载最新的
例如:
[root@alios ~]# docker pull mysql # 默认下载最新的
[root@alios ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 # 下载指定的版本,指定版本需要去hub.docker.com上查找
docker rmi
docker rmi # 删除镜像
删除镜像,可以删除指定的,可以一次删除多个,也可以一口气全部删除
语法:
删除单个指定的镜像:
docker rmi -f 镜像的ID
或者
docker rmi -f 仓库名:TAG
删除多个镜像:
docker rmi -f 镜像ID1 镜像ID2 镜像ID3
删除所有的镜像:
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
常用选项:
选项 | 说明 |
---|---|
-f | 强制删除,镜像如果在使用,必须加这个参数 |
例如:
[root@alios ~]# docker images
# 删除方式一:
[root@alios ~]# docker rmi -f mysql:5.7 # 通过仓库名:TAG 的方式
# 删除方式二:
[root@alios ~]# docker rmi -f c8562eaf9d81 # 通过ID删除
# 全部删除的方式:
[root@alios ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 即先查找出ID,然后通过ID来删除
容器命令
有了镜像才可以创建容器
下载镜像:
docker pull 镜像名
docker run
docker run 命令用来创建和启动容器
docker run [可选参数] 镜像名
常用参数:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
–name=“NAME” | 容器名字,tomcat01,tomcat02用来区分容器 |
-d | 后台方式运行 |
-p | 指定容器的端口 -p IP:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口 -p 容器端口 容器端口 |
-P(大写的p) | 随机指定端口 |
-it | 是用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容 |
注意点:
1、使用 -d 常见的坑
docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要一个前台的进程,都快恻然发现没有应用,就会自动停止,比如nginx容器启动后,发现没有提供服务,就会立刻停止。
# 查看镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
# 查看当前docker容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 创建容器,指定容器名,并放后台运行
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name='centos_01' centos
d9be687cf2b217b1f41f0b3ea9145d46cbccf7b12a1d32cbcd11489176aaae85
# 查询运行中的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看所有的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d9be687cf2b2 centos "/bin/bash" 11 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago centos_01
docker ps
docker ps 命令用来列出所有的运行的容器
用法:
docker ps [选项]
不加任何选项,只能查看运行中的容器,停止的容器无法查询需要加是哪个-a参数才可以查看
常用选项:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
-a, --all | 查看所有的容器 |
-n, --last int | 查看最近创建的指定的数量的容器 |
-l, --latest | 查看最近创建的一个容器 |
-q, --quiet | 进展示容器的ID,一般与-a一起使用 |
-s, --size | 显示容器所有文件的总大小,一般与 -a 一起使用 |
docker rm
docker rm 用来删除容器
用法:
docker rm [参数] 容器ID
常用参数:
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
-f, --force | 强制删除运行中的容器 |
-l, --link | 删除指定的链接 |
-v, --volumes | 删除与容器关联的匿名卷 |
删除所有容器的
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 查询出所有的容器ID,然后强制删除
docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm -f # 先查询出所有的容器ID,然后通过管道符和xargs传递参数的方式删除
退出容器
退出容器用 exit
命令,该命令退出容器后容器就停止了,如果要让容器继续运行可以使用 Ctrl + p + q
可以在退出后让容器在后台运行
例1:
# 无运行中的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 创建一个容器
[root@alios ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 使用 Ctrl + p + q 退出容器
[root@ae555eaa964c /]# [root@alios ~]#
# 再次查看容器是否在运行
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ae555eaa964c centos "/bin/bash" 16 seconds ago Up 16 seconds gracious_kapitsa
启动和停止容器
用法:
# 启动容器
docker start 容器ID
# 重启容器
docker restart 容器ID
# 停止当前正在运行容器
docker stop 容器ID
# 强制杀掉容器,一般用于stop无法停止的时候
docker kill 容器ID
综合案例
例1:
# 下载centos镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
# 查看下载的镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
# 运行容器
[root@alios ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@a687fd363a64 /]# # 运行后,主机名发生了改变,我们已经进入了容器里面的centos
# 退出容器,退出后容器就停止了
[root@alios ~]# exit
# 不加选择无法查看停止的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看所有的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ae555eaa964c centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes gracious_kapitsa
63bb5a17994b centos "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago gallant_williamson
a687fd363a64 centos "/bin/bash" 34 minutes ago Exited (127) 31 minutes ago gracious_burnell
3f7bdbdbbf09 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 13 days ago Exited (0) 13 days ago amazing_einstein
# 启动一个停止了的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker start 63bb5a17994b
63bb5a17994b
# 再次不加选项查看运行中的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
63bb5a17994b centos "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Up 3 seconds gallant_williamson
# 删除全部的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -qa | xargs docker rm -f
ae555eaa964c
63bb5a17994b
a687fd363a64
3f7bdbdbbf09
# 查看容器是否全部删除
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker logs
docker logs 来查看容器的日志
用法:
docker logs [选项] 容器ID
常用的选项
参数 | 说明 |
---|---|
-f | 跟踪日志输出 |
-t | 显示时间戳 |
-n, --tail number | 显示多少条日志 |
例1:
# 创建一个容器,并循环打印
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name="log_test" centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 'this is log_test'; sleep 2; done"
363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26
# 查看容器是否在运行中
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds log_test
# 打印日志信息
方式一:
[root@alios ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 363918ddb7c7
2021-02-21T06:16:35.425094354Z this is log_test
2021-02-21T06:16:37.427565656Z this is log_test
方式二:
[root@alios ~]# docker logs -tf -n 10 363918ddb7c7
2021-02-21T06:16:49.440883209Z this is log_test
2021-02-21T06:16:51.442977235Z this is log_test
docker top
docker top 命令用来查看容器内部的进程信息
用法:
docker top 容器ID
例1:
[root@alios ~]# docker top 363918ddb7c7
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 24928 24908 0 14:16 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 'this is log_test'; sleep 2; done
root 25778 24928 0 14:24 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
docker inspect
docker inspect 命令用来查看容器的元数据
用法:
docker inspect 容器ID
例1:
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes log_test
[root@alios ~]# docker inspect 363918ddb7c7
[
{
"Id": "363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26",
"Created": "2021-02-21T06:16:01.011632887Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo 'this is log_test'; sleep 2; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 24928,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-02-21T06:16:01.358420249Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26/363918ddb7c74132429400b8318c49806e1eded0c5c9796c6bba3d6d7dc95c26-json.log",
"Name": "/log_test",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ac397be95940c02fb627c9d39e692ab203a7c170f244850182c1cb84dd337348-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a4f5b15d937e085eefb61d7b567b1ae69b55a9b872d16e13483dc51e6700dbb6/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ac397be95940c02fb627c9d39e692ab203a7c170f244850182c1cb84dd337348/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ac397be95940c02fb627c9d39e692ab203a7c170f244850182c1cb84dd337348/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ac397be95940c02fb627c9d39e692ab203a7c170f244850182c1cb84dd337348/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "363918ddb7c7",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo 'this is log_test'; sleep 2; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "39d88e377ed718bc7ac8cf3d39bbb1d982294f1be083c5c30e5a343e57a02c57",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/39d88e377ed7",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a0cb407bec66babf7279c6a9de82a365bdb768bc16a0f1da17a9f49d5bb6fab1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "3bd3cfe1dd4b5549194e9f4298951836de95e996fc5ba95f9e36ad67685ee084",
"EndpointID": "a0cb407bec66babf7279c6a9de82a365bdb768bc16a0f1da17a9f49d5bb6fab1",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
docker exec
docker exec 命令用来进入容器,进入后会打开一个新的终端,不会影响之前比如有后台任务的窗口
用法:
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash
例1:
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes log_test
# 进入容器
[root@alios ~]# docker exec -it 363918ddb7c7 /bin/bash
# 主机名已经变成了容器ID名,在里面可以进行交互操作
[root@363918ddb7c7 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
docker attach
docker attach 进入的是已有的终端,不会打开新的终端
用法:
docker attach 容器ID
例1:
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes log_test
# 进入正在打印的的终端
[root@alios ~]# docker attach 363918ddb7c7
this is log_test
this is log_test
docker cp
docker cp 用来将容器内文件拷贝到宿主机,文件的拷贝,只要容器没被删除,不管是否启动都可进行拷贝
用法:
docker cp 容器ID:文件路径 宿主机路径
例1:
# 以交互式的方式进入容器
[root@alios ~]# docker exec -it 363918ddb7c7 /bin/bash
# 进入home目录,创建一个文件,并在文件中写入内容
[root@363918ddb7c7 /]# cd /home
[root@363918ddb7c7 home]# ls
[root@363918ddb7c7 home]# touch testfile.py
[root@363918ddb7c7 home]# echo "this is testfile in docker" > testfile.py
[root@363918ddb7c7 home]# cat testfile.py
this is testfile in docker
# 退出容器
[root@363918ddb7c7 home]# exit
# 查看root目录中是否有testfile文件
[root@alios ~]# ll /root | grep testfile
# 拷贝
[root@alios ~]# docker cp 363918ddb7c7:/home/testfile.py /root
# 再次查看root目录中是否有文件,并且文件内容是否一致
[root@alios ~]# ll /root | grep testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Feb 21 14:38 testfile.py
[root@alios ~]# cat /root/testfile.py
this is testfile in docker
# 停止容器
[root@alios ~]# docker stop 363918ddb7c7
363918ddb7c7
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 删除宿主机上的拷贝的文件
[root@alios ~]# rm -f /root/testfile.py
# 重新拷贝
[root@alios ~]# docker cp 363918ddb7c7:/home/testfile.py /root
# 查看是否拷贝成功
[root@alios ~]# ll /root | grep testfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Feb 21 14:38 testfile.py
[root@alios ~]# cat /root/testfile.py
this is testfile in docker
docker commit
docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的副本(新的镜像)
用法:
docker commit -m "描述信息" -a "作者" 容器ID 目标镜像名:[tag]
例1:
# 查询提交前的镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 5 weeks ago 649MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 5 weeks ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
# 查询现有容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dc946729a9e7 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:8001->8080/tcp tomcat_01
7c358a85eb42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp nginx_01
# 提交容器为新的镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker commit -a '蜗牛' -m 'add project to webapps' dc946729a9e7 ready_tomcat:version-1.0
sha256:3466a2878928e1a2dff8f7cfca285a323b2952afc70b6a527580e377e6d7ed3b
# 查看提交后的镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ready_tomcat version-1.0 3466a2878928 4 minutes ago 654MB
tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 5 weeks ago 649MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 5 weeks ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
# 删除tomcat容器,发现浏览器无法访问tomcat了
[root@alios ~]# docker rm -f dc946729a9e7
dc946729a9e7
# 使用提交的镜像来创建一个新的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name "tomcat_ready_01" -p 8001:8080 ready_tomcat:version-1.0
b8ff70a2ecd5e23c701ffd292a8a88a937adc32703c7169c6cc807cb87664e96
# 查看创建的容器,并使用浏览器进行访问测试是否可以直接访问,而不需要赋值项目
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b8ff70a2ecd5 ready_tomcat:version-1.0 "catalina.sh run" 8 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 0.0.0.0:8001->8080/tcp tomcat_ready_01
7c358a85eb42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp nginx_01
练习
安装nginx
第一步:搜索nginx
[root@alios ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 14461 [OK]
...
第二步:拉取镜像
# 拉取镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a076a628af6f: Pull complete
0732ab25fa22: Pull complete
d7f36f6fe38f: Pull complete
f72584a26f32: Pull complete
7125e4df9063: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
# 镜像已经拉取完成
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 5 weeks ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
第三步:创建容器
# 创建容器前,查看正则运行的容器和全部容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 42 minutes ago Exited (137) 12 minutes ago log_test
# 创建容器,nginx默认是80端口,映射宿主机8000端口提供服务,并将容器放后台运行,取名为nginx_01
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name="nginx_01" -p 8000:80 nginx
7c358a85eb424adec625cc291fc6555767278831629e0ff08b0012fe26fdf3ce
# 查看正在运行的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7c358a85eb42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp nginx_01
# 查看所有的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7c358a85eb42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp nginx_01
363918ddb7c7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 43 minutes ago Exited (137) 13 minutes ago log_test
第四步:测试访问
# 本机访问
[root@alios ~]# curl localhost:8000
外部访问验证
安装tomcat
第一步:查找tomcat
[root@alios ~]# docker search tomcat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2947 [OK]
...cisha renchao 45
第二步:拉取镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker pull tomcat:9.0
9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat
b9a857cbf04d: Pull complete
d557ee20540b: Pull complete
3b9ca4f00c2e: Pull complete
667fd949ed93: Pull complete
661d3b55f657: Pull complete
511ef4338a0b: Pull complete
a56db448fefe: Pull complete
00612a99c7dc: Pull complete
326f9601c512: Pull complete
c547db74f1e1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:94cc18203335e400dbafcd0633f33c53663b1c1012a13bcad58cced9cd9d1305
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0
docker.io/library/tomcat:9.0
第三步:创建容器
# 创建容器,指定映射的端口,并指定tomcat版本为下载的9.0的版本
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name tomcat_01 -p 8001:8080 tomcat:9.0
dc946729a9e768170ab930de350187de4447fe38e0da1b9c4a87becfe1c8161e
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dc946729a9e7 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:8001->8080/tcp tomcat_01
7c358a85eb42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp nginx_01
第四步:测试访问
无法访问tomcat,是因为在目录中没有项目,我们需要手动处理一下
第五步:解决后重新访问
[root@alios ~]# docker exec -it tomcat_01 /bin/bash
root@dc946729a9e7:/usr/local/tomcat# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat
root@dc946729a9e7:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work
# 将示例文件复制进去,然后刷新浏览器即可
root@dc946729a9e7:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r ./webapps.dist/* ./webapps
容器数据卷
什么是容器数据卷?
如果数据都在容器中,一旦容器删除,数据都会丢失! 我们可以在容器和宿主机之间实现一个数据共享的技术,Dokcer容器中产生的数据,同步到本地,这就是卷技术,目录挂着,讲我们容器内的目录,挂载到Linux宿主机上面。
使用数据卷
方式一:创建容器时直接使用 -v
用法:
docker run -d --name='NAME' -v 宿主机路径:docker容器路径 -p 宿主机端口:容器端口 镜像名[:tag] /bin/bash
-
我们在容器里创建和修改了内容,在宿主机上也会同步,在宿主机上对文件进行了修改,即使容器是停止状态,容器内的文件也会更新
-
-v 的卷可以在创建容器时指定多个
例1:
# 查看镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ready_tomcat version-1.0 3466a2878928 2 hours ago 654MB
tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 5 weeks ago 649MB
nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 5 weeks ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 2 months ago 209MB
# 查看所有的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 创建一个新的容器,并将容器的home目录挂着到宿主机的/docker_data目录下
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d --name="my_tomcat" -v /docker_data:/home ready_tomcat:version-1.0
df22d01cd0de7e734724ce7d35a5f66e83adff5901a0adae9e372b3339889425
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
df22d01cd0de ready_tomcat:version-1.0 "catalina.sh run" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 8080/tcp my_tomcat
# 进入docker在home目录中创建一个文件,并写入数据
[root@alios ~]# docker exec -it df22d01cd0de /bin/bash
root@df22d01cd0de:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /home
root@df22d01cd0de:/home# ls
root@df22d01cd0de:/home# echo "in docker write" >> /home/testfile.txt
root@df22d01cd0de:/home# ls
testfile.txt
root@df22d01cd0de:/home# cat /home/testfile.txt
in docker write
# 从新打开一个连接窗口,在宿主机上进行查看
[root@alios ~]# ls /docker_data/
testfile.txt
[root@alios ~]# cat /docker_data/testfile.txt
in docker write
# 退出容器,停止容器
root@df22d01cd0de:/home# exit
exit
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
df22d01cd0de ready_tomcat:version-1.0 "catalina.sh run" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 8080/tcp my_tomcat
[root@alios ~]# docker stop df22d01cd0de
df22d01cd0de
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 从宿主机上往文件中写内容
[root@alios ~]# echo "in linux write" >> /docker_data/testfile.txt
[root@alios ~]# cat /docker_data/testfile.txt
in docker write
in linux write
# 重新启动容器,在容器中查看文件内容
[root@alios ~]# docker start df22d01cd0de
df22d01cd0de
[root@alios ~]# docker exec -it df22d01cd0de /bin/bash
root@df22d01cd0de:/usr/local/tomcat# cat /home/testfile.txt
in docker write
in linux write
例1:
实战MySQL数据持久化
# 查询MySQL镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10530 [OK]
.....
# 拉取MySQL镜像
[root@alios ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
# 创建容器,指定端口号设置密码,使用数据卷对数据和配置文件进行持久化
[root@alios ~]# docker run -d -p 8000:3306 --name="mysql-5.7-01" -v /mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
ccc295ee0d88f51e6b5b6892051f82902e74298305a4a544eb619c0ec9caf093
# 查看运行中的容器
[root@alios ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ccc295ee0d88 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8000->3306/tcp mysql-5.7-01
df22d01cd0de ready_tomcat:version-1.0 "catalina.sh run" 23 minutes ago Up 20 minutes 8080/tcp my_tomcat
# 使用Navicat工具连接到数据库,并创建一个test数据库,见下图:
# 查询在/mysql/data中是否出现test数据库
[root@alios ~]# ls /mysql/data/
auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys
ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem test
未完待续。。。