python推导式

推导式

列表推导式

• 用[]生成的列表，基本格式：variable = [out_exp_res for out_exp in input_list if out_exp == 2]。

  • 遍历字符串

    • mystr = "Hello world"
      
      ret = [i for i in mystr]
      # ret = [i for i in mystr if i.islower()] 过滤出mystr中的小写字母
      print(ret, type(ret))
      

    • [‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ’ ', ‘w’, ‘o’, ‘r’, ‘l’, ‘d’] <class ‘list’>

  • 打印30以内被3整除的数

    • mysum = [i for i in range(0,31,3) if i%3==0]
      print(mysum)
      

    • [0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30]

  • 列表推导式嵌套过滤出有两个e的名字

    • names = [['Tom', 'Billy', 'Jefferson', 'Andrew', 'Wesley', 'Steven', 'Joe'], ['Alice', 'Jill', 'Ana', 'Wendy', 'Jennifer', 'Sherry', 'Eva']]
      mynames = [j for i in range(2) for j in names[i] if j.upper().count('E')==2]
      print(mynames)
      

    • [‘Jefferson’, ‘Wesley’, ‘Steven’, ‘Jennifer’]

  • 条件判断，打印20以内能被3整除的数如果不是的话去相反数

    • q = [x if x%3==0 else -x for x in range(1,20)]
      print(q)
      

    • [-1, -2, 3, -4, -5, 6, -7, -8, 9, -10, -11, 12, -13, -14, 15, -16, -17, 18, -19]

字典推导式

• 过滤掉key中含有‘a’的键值对：

  • dic = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'ab':4}
    mydic = {i:dic[i] for i in dic if 'a' not in i}
    print(mydic)
    

  • {‘b’: 2, ‘c’: 3}

• 交换键值对

  • q={'a':10,'b':34}
    my_di = {q[key]:key for key in q}
    print(my_di)
    

  • {10: ‘a’, 34: ‘b’}

• 将同一种字母的value相加

  • q4={'B':3, 'a':1,'b':6, 'c':3, 'A':4}
    my_di2 = {key.lower():q4.get(key.lower(),0)+q4.get(key.isupper(),0) for key in q4}
    print(my_di2)
    

  • {‘b’: 6, ‘a’: 1, ‘c’: 3}

集合推导式

• 也具备集合的去重功能：