request对象
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1.1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
1.2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3. request功能:
3.1. 获取请求消息数据
3.1.1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
a). 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
b). (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
c). 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
d). 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
e). (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
f). 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
g). 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
package com.test.servlet.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/TestRequestServlet")
public class TestRequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 获取请求方式 :GET
// * String getMethod()
// 2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
// * String getContextPath()
// 3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
// * String getServletPath()
// 4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
// * String getQueryString()
// 5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
// * String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
// * StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
//
// * URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1
// * URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1
//
// 6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
// * String getProtocol()
//
// 7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
// * String getRemoteAddr()
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);// GET
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);// /program
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);// /TestRequestServlet
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
System.out.println(requestURI);// /program/TestRequestServlet
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURL);// http://localhost:8080/program/TestRequestServlet
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);// HTTP/1.1
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);// 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
}
}
3.1.2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
//谷歌
System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐
System.out.println("火狐来了...");
}
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html
//防盗链
if(referer != null ){
if(referer.contains("/day14")){
//正常访问
// System.out.println("播放电影....");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
}else{
//盗链
//System.out.println("想看电影吗?来优酷吧...");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗?来优酷吧...");
}
}
}
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//2.遍历
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
}
}
}
3.1.3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤:
1. 获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体--请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
* ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
3.2. 其他功能:
3.2.1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post 获取请求参数
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
/* System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);*/
//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
/*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}*/
//获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
/*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("----------------");
}*/
// 获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keyset) {
//获取键获取值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value : values) {
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("-----------------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get 获取请求参数
/*
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("get");
System.out.println(username);*/
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
* 中文乱码问题:
* get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式:会乱码
* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置流的编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//获取请求参数username
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
3.2.2 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
1. 步骤:
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
2. 特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
3.3.3. 共享数据:
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
3.3.4. 获取ServletContext:
* ServletContext getServletContext()