JavaWeb开发 之 request对象

request对象

1. request对象和response对象的原理
        1.1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
        1.2. request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息

2. request对象继承体系结构：    
        ServletRequest        --    接口
            |    继承
        HttpServletRequest    -- 接口
            |    实现
        org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)

3. request功能：
        3.1. 获取请求消息数据
              3.1.1. 获取请求行数据
                * GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
                * 方法：
                    a). 获取请求方式 ：GET
                        * String getMethod()  
                    b). (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
                        * String getContextPath()
                    c). 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
                        * String getServletPath()
                    d). 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
                        * String getQueryString()
                    e). (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
                        * String getRequestURI():        /day14/demo1
                        * StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/day14/demo1

                        * URL:统一资源定位符 ： http://localhost/day14/demo1    中华人民共和国
                        * URI：统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1                    共和国
                    
                    f). 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
                        * String getProtocol()

                    g). 获取客户机的IP地址：
                        * String getRemoteAddr()

package com.test.servlet.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/TestRequestServlet")
public class TestRequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//                    1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
//                        * String getMethod()  
//                    2. (*)获取虚拟目录：/day14
//                        * String getContextPath()
//                    3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
//                        * String getServletPath()
//                    4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
//                        * String getQueryString()
//                    5. (*)获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
//                        * String getRequestURI():        /day14/demo1
//                        * StringBuffer getRequestURL()  :http://localhost/day14/demo1
//
//                        * URL:统一资源定位符 ： http://localhost/day14/demo1   
//                        * URI：统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1                    
//                    
//                    6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
//                        * String getProtocol()
//
//                    7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
//                        * String getRemoteAddr()

        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//              GET
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);//         /program
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);//         /TestRequestServlet
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(requestURI);//          /program/TestRequestServlet
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURL);//          http://localhost:8080/program/TestRequestServlet
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);//            HTTP/1.1
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);//          0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
    }
}

                    
            3.1.2. 获取请求头数据
                * 方法：
                    * (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值

@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据:user-agent

        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断agent的浏览器版本
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
            //谷歌
            System.out.println("谷歌来了...");
        }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
            //火狐
            System.out.println("火狐来了...");
        }

    }
}

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据:referer

        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);//http://localhost/day14/login.html

        //防盗链
        if(referer != null ){
            if(referer.contains("/day14")){
                //正常访问
               // System.out.println("播放电影....");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("播放电影....");
            }else{
                //盗链
                //System.out.println("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("想看电影吗？来优酷吧...");
            }
        }

    }

                    * Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //演示获取请求头数据
        
        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }

    }
}

                
            3.1.3. 获取请求体数据:
                * 请求体：只有POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
                * 步骤：
                    1. 获取流对象
                        *  BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求消息体--请求参数

        //1.获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        //2.读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }

                        *  ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据
                            * 在文件上传知识点后讲解

                    2. 再从流对象中拿数据

        3.2. 其他功能：
            3.2.1. 获取请求参数通用方式：不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
                1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值    username=zs&password=123
                2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组  hobby=xx&hobby=game
                3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
                4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post 获取请求参数

        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
       /* System.out.println("post");
        System.out.println(username);*/

       //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        /*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }*/

        //获取所有请求的参数名称

        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        /*while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(value);
            System.out.println("----------------");
        }*/

        // 获取所有参数的map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        //遍历
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        for (String name : keyset) {
            
            //获取键获取值
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }

            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }


    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //get 获取请求参数
/*
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("get");
        System.out.println(username);*/

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

                * 中文乱码问题：
                    * get方式：tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
                    * post方式：会乱码
                        * 解决：在获取参数前，设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置流的编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        //获取请求参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

          3.2.2 请求转发：一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
                1. 步骤：
                    1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
                    2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) 

                2. 特点：
                    1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
                    2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
                    3. 转发是一次请求


            3.3.3. 共享数据：
                * 域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据
                * request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
                * 方法：
                    1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
                    2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
                    3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

            3.3.4. 获取ServletContext：
                * ServletContext getServletContext()