NSDictionary /NSMutableDictionary

NSDictionary /NSMutableDictionary

1.概念：字典是关键字key及其定义的值value所构成的集合，即它是由key-value组成的键值队的集合。通常来讲，key一般是NSString类型，value是OC中任意的对象。对于字典来讲，我们就是通过key来访问value

2.为什么在有了数组后，还需要有字典呢？在有大量的数据或频繁的查找信息，使用字典效率更高。因为字典是采用键查询的优化存储方式。

3.在OC中我们使用NSDictionary和NSMutableDictionary来表示字典，其中NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary子类。

4.字典初始化

 //创建一个空的字典
    NSDictionary *dictionary1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] init];
    NSDictionary *dictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionary];
    //创建一个键值队的字典
    NSDictionary *dictionary3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"vincent" forKey:@"name"];
    //创建多个键值队的字典
    NSDictionary *dictionary4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"vincent",@"name",@24,@"age",@"广州",@"address", nil];
    //value在前，key在后，value和key要成双出现
    NSLog(@"dictionary4 = %@",dictionary4);
    //根据一个字典创建一个字典
    NSDictionary *dictionary5 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary4];

    //新语法创建字典
    NSDictionary *dictionary6 = @{};
    NSDictionary *dictionary7 = @{@"name":@"vincent"};
    NSDictionary *dictionary8 = @{@"name":@"vincent",@"age":@24,@"address":@"广州"};

    NSDictionary *dictionary11 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@""];
    NSDictionary *dictionary12 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:

5.键值对数量

  NSUInteger count = dictionary4.count;

6.如何访问字典中元素

    //通过key来访问字典中对应的值
    NSString *name = [dictionary4 objectForKey:@"name"];
    //新语法
    NSString *newName = dictionary4[@"name"];

    //如何遍历字典中的所有值？
    //表示字典中所有的key
    NSArray *keysArray = dictionary4.allKeys;
    //表示字典中所有的value
    NSArray *valuesArray = dictionary4.allValues;
    for (NSString *key in keysArray) {
        NSLog(@"%@ : %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
    }

   enumerator = dictionary4.keyEnumerator;
    NSString *key;
    while (key = [enumerator nextObject]) {
       NSLog(@"%@ : %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
    }

7.在字典中不能够存在相同key，能够存在相同的value

8.在字典中键值对是无序的