HttpRequest.FILES
表单上传的文件对象存储在类字典对象request.FILES中,表单格式需为multipart/form-data
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<form enctype=
"multipart/form-data"
method=
"post"
action=
"/foo/"
>
<input type=
"file"
name=
"image"
/>
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request.FILES中的键来自于表单中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:
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img=request.FILES[
'image'
]
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request.FILES中的值均为UploadedFile类文件对象。
UploadedFile
UploadedFile是类文件对象,具有以下方法和属性:
UploadedFile.read()
读取整个上传文件的数据,文件较大时慎用。
UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)
判断文件是否足够大,一般为2.5M
UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)
返回一个生成器对象,当multiple_chunks()为True时应该使用这个方法来代替read().
UploadedFile.name
上传文件的name。
UploadedFile.size
上传文件的大小。
UploadedFile.content_type
上传文件时的content_type报头,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf).
UpladedFile.charset
编码
存储文件
想将上传的文件存储在本地时:
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f=request.FILES[
'image'
]
with
open(
'some/file/name.txt'
,
'wb+'
) as destination:
for
chunk
in
f.chunks():
destination.write(chunk)
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使用Form处理上传文件
也可以使用django自带的form来处理上传文件。
先创建带FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:
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# In forms.py...
from django
import
forms
class
UploadFileForm(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
file = forms.FileField()
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用Form处理:
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>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)
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view函数:
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from django.http
import
HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts
import
render_to_response
from .forms
import
UploadFileForm
def handle_uploaded_file(f):
with
open(
'some/file/name.txt'
,
'wb+'
) as destination:
for
chunk
in
f.chunks():
destination.write(chunk)
def upload_file(request):
if
request.method ==
'POST'
:
form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if
form.is_valid():
handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES[
'file'
])
return
HttpResponseRedirect(
'/success/url/'
)
else
:
form = UploadFileForm()
return
render_to_response(
'upload.html'
, {
'form'
: form})
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使用Model处理上传文件
如果创建了一个带FileField或者ImageField域的Model,需要将上传文件存储到Model的FileFIeld域。
比如,使用nicEdit文本编辑器时,需要存储上传的文件,建立Model:
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from django.db
import
models
class
NicEditImage(models.Model):
image = models.ImageField(upload_to=
'nicedit/%Y/%m/%d'
)
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创建ModelForm:
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from django
import
forms
class
NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
class
Meta:
model = NicEditImage
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view:
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def upload(request):
if
not request.user.is_authenticated():
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success'
: False,
'errors'
: {
'__all__'
:
'Authentication required'
}})
return
HttpResponse(json, mimetype=
'application/json'
)
form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)
if
form.is_valid():
image = form.save()
#保存Form和Model
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success'
: True,
'upload'
: {
'links'
: {
'original'
: image.image.url},
'image'
: {
'width'
: image.image.width,
'height'
: image.image.height}
}
})
else
:
json = simplejson.dumps({
'success'
: False,
'errors'
: form.errors})
return
HttpResponse(json, mimetype=
'application/json'
)
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当然也可以手动存储文件到Model的文件域:
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from django.http
import
HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts
import
render
from .forms
import
UploadFileForm
from .models
import
ModelWithFileField
def upload_file(request):
if
request.method ==
'POST'
:
form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if
form.is_valid():
instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES[
'file'
])
#保存文件到FileField域
instance.save()
return
HttpResponseRedirect(
'/success/url/'
)
else
:
form = UploadFileForm()
return
render(request,
'upload.html'
, {
'form'
: form})
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不使用Form处理
想获得更大自由度时,可以全手动处理。
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from django.db
import
models
class
Car(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
photo = models.ImageField(upload_to=
'cars'
)
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Model的FileField有以下属性:
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>>> car = Car.objects.get(name=
"57 Chevy"
)
>>> car.photo
<ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg>
>>> car.photo.name
u
'cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.path
u
'/media/cars/chevy.jpg'
>>> car.photo.url
u
'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'
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Model的FileField是一个File对象,除了具有File对象的各种方法外,还有一个额外的save()方法:
FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)
name为存储名字,content为File或者File子类的实例
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>>> car.photo.save(
'myphoto.jpg'
, content, save=False)
>>> car.save()
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类似于
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>>> car.photo.save(
'myphoto.jpg'
, content, save=True)
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手动存储:
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from django.core.files.base
import
ContentFile
photo=request.FILES.get(
'photo'
,
''
)
if
photo:
file_content = ContentFile(photo.read())
#创建File对象
car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content)
#保存文件到car的photo域
car.save()
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