http://blog.csdn.net/tankai19880619/article/details/17379455
一、原理分析
Android中显示屏设备被抽象成一个帧缓冲区;Linux内核创建的"/dev/graphics/fb0"设备、就是用来描述系统中的一个帧缓冲区(也就是一个显示屏),Android系统grallocHAL模块封装了对帧缓冲区的所有访问操作。
grallocHAL模块包含两个设备alloc和fb。
Android应用程序通过SurfaceFlinger服务操作这两个设备,完成显示;首先通过gralloc设备申请一个图形缓冲区、并将该图形缓冲区映射到应用程序的地址空间,然后通过fb设备将前边已经绘制好的图形缓冲区渲染到帧缓冲区上去、完成显示。
总结:
1.grallocHAL模块中alloc设备使用结构体alloc_device_t来描述;完成对图形缓冲区的管理:
2.grallocHAL模块中fb设备使用结构体framebuffer_device_t来描述;完成对Linux内核帧缓冲区的管理。
成员函数setSwapInterval用来设置帧缓冲区交换前后两个图形缓冲区的最小和最大时间间隔;
成员函数setUpdateRect用来设置帧缓冲区的更新区域;
成员函数post用来将图形缓冲区buffer的内容渲染到帧缓冲区中去,即显示在设备的显示屏中去;
成员函数compositionComplete用来通知fb设备device,图形缓冲区的组合工作已经完成,目前没有使用这个成员函数。
二、服务端调用流程
1.整体流程
frameworks/base/services/surfaceflinger/surfaceflinger.cpp- status_t SurfaceFlinger::readyToRun(){
- DisplayHardware* const hw = new DisplayHardware(this, dpy);
- }
- DisplayHardware::DisplayHardware(
- const sp<SurfaceFlinger>& flinger,
- uint32_t dpy)
- : DisplayHardwareBase(flinger, dpy),
- mFlinger(flinger), mFlags(0), mHwc(0)
- {
- init(dpy);
- }
- void DisplayHardware::init(uint32_t dpy){
- mNativeWindow = new FramebufferNativeWindow();
- framebuffer_device_t const * fbDev = mNativeWindow->getDevice();
- ......
- // initialize the H/W composer
- mHwc = new HWComposer(mFlinger);
- if (mHwc->initCheck() == NO_ERROR) {
- mHwc->setFrameBuffer(mDisplay, mSurface);
- }
- }
- FramebufferNativeWindow::FramebufferNativeWindow()
- : BASE(), fbDev(0), grDev(0), mUpdateOnDemand(false){
- hw_module_t const* module;
- if (hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module) == 0) { //获得gralloc模块
- err = framebuffer_open(module, &fbDev); //获得gralloc模块下的framebuffer设备,即屏幕
- err = gralloc_open(module, &grDev); //获得gralloc模块下的gralloc设备,即显存
- // initialize the buffer FIFO
- mNumBuffers = NUM_FRAME_BUFFERS;
- mNumFreeBuffers = NUM_FRAME_BUFFERS;
- mBufferHead = mNumBuffers-1;
- for (i = 0; i < mNumBuffers; i++){
- buffers[i] = new NativeBuffer(fbDev->width, fbDev->height, fbDev->format, GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB);
- }
- for (i = 0; i < mNumBuffers; i++){
- err = grDev->alloc(grDev,
- fbDev->width, fbDev->height, fbDev->format,
- GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB, &buffers[i]->handle, &buffers[i]->stride); //申请帧缓冲区作为图形缓冲区
- LOGE_IF(err, "fb buffer %d allocation failed w=%d, h=%d, err=%s",
- i, fbDev->width, fbDev->height, strerror(-err));
- if (err){
- mNumBuffers = i;
- mNumFreeBuffers = i;
- mBufferHead = mNumBuffers-1;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
2.fb设备流程
hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/fb.h
- static inline int framebuffer_open(const struct hw_module_t* module,
- struct framebuffer_device_t** device) {
- return module->methods->open(module,
- GRALLOC_HARDWARE_FB0, (struct hw_device_t**)device);
- }
- struct private_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
- base: {
- common: {
- tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
- version_major: 1,
- version_minor: 0,
- id: GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
- name: "Graphics Memory Allocator Module",
- author: "ARM Ltd.",
- methods: &gralloc_module_methods,
- dso: NULL,
- reserved : {0,},
- },
- registerBuffer: gralloc_register_buffer,
- unregisterBuffer: gralloc_unregister_buffer,
- lock: gralloc_lock,
- unlock: gralloc_unlock,
- perform: NULL,
- reserved_proc: {0,},
- },
- framebuffer: NULL,
- flags: 0,
- numBuffers: 0,
- bufferMask: 0,
- lock: PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
- currentBuffer: NULL,
- };
- static struct hw_module_methods_t gralloc_module_methods = {
- open: gralloc_device_open
- };
- static int gralloc_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name, hw_device_t** device)
- {
- int status = -EINVAL;
- if (!strcmp(name, GRALLOC_HARDWARE_GPU0)) {
- status = alloc_device_open(module, name, device);
- } else if (!strcmp(name, GRALLOC_HARDWARE_FB0)) {
- status = framebuffer_device_open(module, name, device);
- }
- return status;
- }
- int framebuffer_device_open(hw_module_t const* module, const char* name,
- hw_device_t** device)
- {
- private_module_t* m = (private_module_t*)module;
- status = init_frame_buffer(m);
- }
- static int init_frame_buffer(struct private_module_t* module)
- {
- pthread_mutex_lock(&module->lock);
- int err = init_frame_buffer_locked(module);
- pthread_mutex_unlock(&module->lock);
- return err;
- }
- int init_frame_buffer_locked(struct private_module_t* module)
- {
- char const * const device_template[] = {
- "/dev/graphics/fb%u",
- "/dev/fb%u",
- NULL
- };
- int fd = -1;
- int i = 0;
- char name[64];
- while ((fd == -1) && device_template[i]) {
- snprintf(name, 64, device_template[i], 0);
- fd = fbdev_open(name, O_RDWR);
- i++;
- }
- //获得
- struct fb_fix_screeninfo finfo;
- if (fbdev_ioctl(fd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &finfo) == -1)
- return -errno;
- struct fb_var_screeninfo info;
- if (fbdev_ioctl(fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &info) == -1)
- return -errno;
- //设置
- uint32_t flags = PAGE_FLIP;
- if (fbdev_ioctl(fd, FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO, &info) == -1) {
- info.yres_virtual = info.yres;
- flags &= ~PAGE_FLIP;
- LOGW("FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO failed, page flipping not supported");
- }
- //映射framebuffer
- size_t fbSize = round_up_to_page_size(finfo.smem_len);
- void* vaddr = fbdev_mmap(0, fbSize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
- int hw_base = static_cast<int>(unsigned(finfo.smem_start) & MASK_MIU_PHYSADDRESS);
- module->framebuffer = new private_handle_t(private_handle_t::PRIV_FLAGS_FRAMEBUFFER, fbSize, intptr_t(vaddr),
- 0, hw_base, channel, 0);
- }
其他调用同上,不再分析
hardware/mstar/gralloc/alloc_device.cpp
- static int alloc_device_alloc(alloc_device_t* dev, int w, int h, int format, int usage, buffer_handle_t* pHandle, int* pStride)
- {
- if (usage & GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB)
- err = gralloc_alloc_framebuffer(dev, size, usage, pHandle); //支持双framebuffer时
- else
- err = gralloc_alloc_buffer(dev, size, usage, pHandle); //不支持时
- }
4.alloc渲染到fb
hardware/mstar/gralloc/framebuffer_device.cpp
- static int fb_post(struct framebuffer_device_t* dev, buffer_handle_t buffer)
- {
- if (hnd->flags & private_handle_t::PRIV_FLAGS_FRAMEBUFFER) { //如果显示设备支持双帧缓冲区,则切换驱动即可完成
- m->base.lock(&m->base, buffer,
- private_module_t::PRIV_USAGE_LOCKED_FOR_POST,
- 0, 0, m->info.xres, m->info.yres, NULL);
- const size_t offset = hnd->base - m->framebuffer->base;
- m->info.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_VBL;
- m->info.yoffset = offset / m->finfo.line_length;
- if (fbdev_ioctl(0, FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO, &m->info) == -1) {
- LOGE("FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO failed");
- m->base.unlock(&m->base, buffer);
- return -errno;
- }
- m->currentBuffer = buffer;
- }esle{ //如果显示设备不支持双帧缓冲区(也就是我们应用使用的图形缓冲区只是一块内存),则完成拷贝
- m->base.lock(&m->base, m->framebuffer,
- GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_RARELY,
- 0, 0, m->info.xres, m->info.yres,
- &fb_vaddr);
- m->base.lock(&m->base, buffer,
- GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_RARELY,
- 0, 0, m->info.xres, m->info.yres,
- &buffer_vaddr);
- //将buffer渲染到framebuffer
- memcpy(fb_vaddr, buffer_vaddr, m->finfo.line_length * m->info.yres);
- m->base.unlock(&m->base, buffer);
- m->base.unlock(&m->base, m->framebuffer);
- }
- }