SICP 2-31 2-32 SymbolicDiffer

ex2-31

本题要求实现symbolic形式的指数求导,

我们类比*求导,我们通过将系数 u^(n-1) 同导数结果相乘即可

可能要注意n不是number 不能直接进行减法,我们采取将n-1放到一个list中

这样既有括号,又解决了无法计算的问题

以下是代码

;primitive
(define (constant? x) (number? x))
(define (variable? x) (symbol? x))
(define (same-variable? x y) (if (eq? x y) 1 0))
(define (sum? 	   x) (eq? (car x) '+))
(define (product?  x) (eq? (car x) '*))

;operator of * and +
;(define (make-add  x y) (list '+ x y))
(define (make-add x y)
	(cond
		((and	(number? x) (number? y))  (+ x y))
		((and	(number? x) (= x 0) )	  y)
		((and	(number? y) (= y 0) )	  x)
		(else (list '+ x y))))
;(define (make-mul  x y) (list '* x y))
(define (make-mul x y)
	(cond
		((and	(number? x) (number? y)) (* x y))
		((number? x)
			(cond
				((= x 0) 0)
				((= x 1) y)))
		((number? y)
			(cond
				((= y 0) 0)
				((= y 1) x)))
		(else (list '* x y))))
(define (addend x) (cadr x))
(define (augend x) (caddr x))
(define (multiplier x) (cadr x))
(define (multiplicand x) (caddr x))

;operator of ^
(define (fast-exp b n )
	(define (square x)(* x x))
	(define (is-even? x) (= (reminder n 2) 0))
	(define (reminder x n) (if (> x n) (reminder (- x n) n) x))
	(cond ((= n 0 ) 1)
			((is-even? n) (fast-exp b (/ n 2)))
			(else (* b (fast-exp b (- n 1)))))
)
(define (make-factorial x y)
	(cond
		((and	(number? x) (number? y)) (fast-exp b n))
		((number? x)
			(cond 
				((= x 0) 0)
				((= x 1) 1)))
		((number? y)
			(cond
				((= y 0) 0)
				((= y 1) 1)
				((= y 2) x)))
		(else	(list '^ x (list '- y 1)))))
(define (basic x) (cadr x))
(define (expon x) (caddr x))
(define (factorial? x) (eq? (car x) '^))


(define (drive exp var)
	(cond
		((constant? exp)	0)
		((variable? exp)	(same-variable? exp var))
		((sum? exp)
			(make-add (drive (addend exp) var) (drive (augend exp) var )))
		((product?  exp)
			(make-add (make-mul (multiplicand exp) (drive (multiplier exp) var))
				  (make-mul (multiplier exp) (drive (multiplicand exp) var))))
		((factorial? exp)
			(make-mul (make-factorial (basic exp) (expon exp)) (drive (basic exp) var)))))

2-32 要求我们改写书中例程,实现中缀表达式的导数计算

如果是二元,很简单,修改sum product中的判断参数,以及修改获取被加数的函数

问题是三元四元,我们又该如何解决

这里采用了递归

检测二元之后是否为空

非空则将之后的式子前面补个0进行递归调用

问题顺利解决

以下是代码（只对drive函数中的sum以及product进行了修改)

;primitive
(define (constant? x) (number? x))
(define (variable? x) (symbol? x))
(define (same-variable? x y) (if (eq? x y) 1 0))
(define (sum? 	   x) (eq? (cadr x) '+))
(define (product?  x) (eq? (cadr x) '*))
		
;operator of * and +
;(define (make-add  x y) (list '+ x y))
(define (make-add x y)
	(cond
		((and	(number? x) (number? y))  (+ x y))
		((and	(number? x) (= x 0) )	  y)
		((and	(number? y) (= y 0) )	  x)
		(else (list '+ x y))))
;(define (make-mul  x y) (list '* x y))
(define (make-mul x y)
	(cond
		((and	(number? x) (number? y)) (* x y))
		((number? x)
			(cond
				((= x 0) 0)
				((= x 1) y)))
		((number? y)
			(cond
				((= y 0) 0)
				((= y 1) x)))
		(else (list '* x y))))
(define (addend x) (car x))
(define (augend x) (caddr x))
(define (multiplier x) (car x))
(define (multiplicand x) (caddr x))

(define (drive exp var)
	(cond
		((constant? exp)	0)
		((variable? exp)	(same-variable? exp var))
		((sum? exp)
			(let ((tmp (make-add (drive (addend exp) var) (drive (augend exp) var ))))
			(if (null? (cdddr exp))
				tmp
				(make-add tmp (drive (cons 0 (cdddr exp)) var)))))
		((product?  exp)
			(make-add (make-mul (multiplicand exp) (drive (multiplier exp) var))
				  (make-mul (multiplier exp) (drive (multiplicand exp) var))))))