关于什么是消息中间件以及好处,可以参考博主之前的文章(SpringBoot整合ActiveMQ),这里就不做过多介绍 ~
一 . 简单整合
1. 添加RabbitMQ依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. 配置application.yml
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
username: test
password: 123456
# virtual-host: /
3. 新建RabbitMQConfig
package com.example.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
// 测试队列名称
private String testQueueName = "test_queue";
// 测试交换机名称
private String testExchangeName = "test_exchange";
// RoutingKey
private String testRoutingKey = "test_routing_key";
/** 创建队列 */
@Bean
public Queue testQueue() {
return new Queue(testQueueName);
}
/** 创建交换机 */
@Bean
public TopicExchange testExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(testExchangeName);
}
/** 通过routingKey把队列与交换机绑定起来 */
@Bean
public Binding testBinding() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(testQueue()).to(testExchange()).with(testRoutingKey);
}
}
4. 新建生产者(producer)
package com.example.producer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageDeliveryMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TestProducer {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send(String queueName) {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("email", "756840349@qq.com");
jsonObject.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
String jsonString = jsonObject.toJSONString();
// 生产者发送消息的时候需要设置消息id
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(jsonString.getBytes())
.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT)
.setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON).setContentEncoding("utf-8")
.build();
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
}
}
5. 新建消费者(consumer)
package com.example.listener;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class FanoutSmsConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "test_queue")
public void consumeMessage(Message message) throws Exception{
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
System.out.println("消费消息:" + jsonObject);
}
}
6. 编写controller测试
package com.example.controller;
import com.example.producer.FanoutProducer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ProducerController {
@Autowired
private TestProducer TestProducer;
@RequestMapping("/sendMsg")
public String sendFanout() {
fanoutProducer.send("test_queue");
return "success";
}
}
浏览器访问localhost:8080/sendMsg,会返回success,并且控制台监听器会打印消息:
二 . 进阶场景
1. 消费者在消费消息的时候,如果消费者业务逻辑出现程序异常,这时候应该如何处理?
解决办法:使用消息重试机制(自带的特性,无需配置,只要出现异常就自动重试)
原理:@RabbitListener 底层使用AOP拦截,如果程序没有抛出异常,自动提交事务,如果抛出异常,则自动重试,重新消费消息
拓展①:如果一直报异常,不可能一直重试,这时候可以修改重试策略(在application.properties添加以下配置):
#开启消费者重试
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true
#最大重试次数(重试5次还不行则会把消息删掉,默认是不限次数的,次数建议控制在10次以内)
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.max-attempts=5
#重试间隔时间
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.initial-interval=3000
拓展②:如何合理选择重试机制?
消费者获取到消息后,调用第三方接口,但接口暂时无法访问,是否需要重试? (需要重试机制)
消费者获取到消息后,抛出数据转换异常,是否需要重试?(不需要重试机制,需要发布版本进行解决)
@Component
public class EamilConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "femail_queue")
public void process(String msg) throws Exception {
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
String email = jsonObject.getString("email");
String emailUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:8083/sendEmail?email=" + email;
JSONObject result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet(emailUrl);
if (result == null) {
// 因为网络原因,造成无法访问,继续重试
throw new Exception("调用接口失败!");
}
System.out.println("执行结束....");
}
}
2. RabbitMQ消息确认机制ack模式(默认为手动应答,这里讲解自动应答)
① application.peoperties配置:
# 手动签收
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
② 修改监听器代码(在请求参数加入"@Headers Map<String, Object> headers, Channel channel"):
@Component
public class FanoutEamilConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_email_queue")
public void process(Message message, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers, Channel channel) throws Exception {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ",msg:" + new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8")
+ ",messageId:" + message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId());
// 手动ack
Long deliveryTag = (Long) headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
// 手动签收
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
}
3. 消费者如何保证消息幂等性,不被重复消费?
① 产生原因:网络延迟传输中,消费出现异常或者是消费延迟消费,会造成MQ进行重试补偿,重试过程中,可能造成重复消费
② 解决办法:1> 使用全局MessageId判断消费方使用同一个,解决幂等性 2> 或者使用业务逻辑保证唯一(比如订单号码)
生产者代码:
public void send(String queueName) {
JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put("email", "644064779");
jsonObject.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
String jsonString = jsonObject.toJSONString();
System.out.println("jsonString:" + jsonString);
// 生产者发送消息的时候需要设置消息id
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID() + "";
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(jsonString.getBytes())
.setContentType(MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON).setContentEncoding("utf-8")
.setMessageId(UUID.randomUUID() + "").build();
//将messageId存入redis(在监听器判空,防止重复消费)
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("uuid ", uuid );
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
}
消费者代码:
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_email_queue")
public void process(Message message) throws Exception {
String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
if(!stringRedisTemplate.hasKey("meaagaeId")){
return;//已经被消费
}
String email = jsonObject.getString("email");
String emailUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:8083/sendEmail?email=" + email;
JSONObject result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet(emailUrl);
//如果调用第三方邮件接口无法访问,如何实现自动重试?抛出异常即可
if (result == null) {
throw new Exception("调用第三方邮件服务器接口失败!");//如果走到这一行,则会自动重试
}
stringRedisTemplate.delete(messageId);//删除,实际开发中也可以设置为空,只需要在上面判空即可
//或者是走到这一行,写入数据库日志记录表,在上面if(StringUtils.equals。。中判断日志表中是否有记录即可
}