Qt QThread 探索（一）

Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.

在Qt的官方文档，大家知道有两种方式使用 QThread。

• You can use worker objects by moving them to the thread using QObject::moveToThread().
• Another way to make code run in a separate thread, is to subclass QThread and reimplement run().

在使用MoveToThread这种方式时，经常会遇到下面类似的问题：

• QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.

出现这样的问题根本原因就是：
moveToThread之前声明的变量在父线程，之后的槽函数运行在新线程，其中声明的变量当然也属于新线程。

此例调用MoveToThread 之后，在 Worker的槽函数中Worker的私有成员中又进行了new操作，并且将this指针传给了构造函数。看下实例：

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QThread>
#include <QMainWindow>

#include "worker.h"

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

signals:
    void doWorkSignal();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;

    QThread m_thread;

    WorkerB m_worker;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    m_worker.moveToThread(&m_thread);

    connect(this, SIGNAL(doWorkSignal()),
            &m_worker, SLOT(doWork()));

    m_thread.start();

    emit doWorkSignal();

    qDebug() << "MainWin thread: " << QThread::currentThread();
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;

    m_thread.exit();
    m_thread.wait();
}

worker.h

#ifndef WORKER_H
#define WORKER_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QThread>
#include <QNetworkAccessManager>

class WorkerA: public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    inline explicit WorkerA(QObject *parent = 0)
    {
        m_net1 = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);

        qDebug() << "Create WorkerA thread: " << QThread::currentThread();
    }

    inline void doWorkA()
    {
        m_net2 = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);

        qDebug() << "DoWorkA thread: " << QThread::currentThread();

        qDebug() << "Net1 Parent: " << m_net1->parent();
        qDebug() << "Net2 Parent: " << m_net2->parent();;
    }

    inline ~WorkerA()
    {
        delete m_net1;
        delete m_net2;
    }


private:
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_net1;
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_net2;
};

class WorkerB : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit WorkerB(QObject *parent = 0);
    ~WorkerB();

signals:

public slots:
    void doWork();

private:
    WorkerA *m_workerA;

};

#endif // WORKER_H

worker.cpp

#include <QDebug>

#include "worker.h"

WorkerB::WorkerB(QObject *parent) :
    QObject(parent)
{
    m_workerA = new WorkerA(this);

    qDebug() << "Create WorkerB thread: " << QThread::currentThread();
}

void WorkerB::doWork()
{  
    qDebug() << "DoWorkB thread: " << QThread::currentThread();

    m_workerA->doWorkA();
}

WorkerB::~WorkerB()
{
    //delete m_workerTimer;
}

程序运行输出：

Create WorkerA thread:  QThread(0x7aad48)
Create WorkerB thread:  QThread(0x7aad48)
MainWin thread:  QThread(0x7aad48)
DoWorkB thread:  QThread(0x60fe0c)
QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.
(Parent is WorkerA(0x7acdc0), parent's thread is QThread(0x7aad48), current thread is QThread(0x60fe0c)
DoWorkA thread:  QThread(0x60fe0c)
Net1 Parent:  WorkerA(0x7acdc0)
Net2 Parent:  QObject(0x0)

在本案例中，WorkerB在MainWindow的构造函数中初始化，WorkerB及WorkerA的parent指针都为MainWindow。
而我们使用信号调用WorkerB的doWoker()函数时，此函数会在另外一个线程(0x60fe0c)执行，

此时我们直接调用m_worker.doWork()，注意槽函数是在调用的线程运行的（而非子线程）。

m_net2 = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);

这里的this显然是MainWindow，而MainWindow是在主线程中，故会报错

QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.
(Parent is WorkerA(0x4558a8), parent's thread is QThread(0x4482e8), current thread is QThread(0x28fe1c)

解决办法是：
方法1 new时不传递this指针

m_net2 = new QNetworkAccessManager;

方法2 将new操作放在WorkerA的构造函数中

m_net1 = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
m_net2 = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);

方法3 使用信号与槽的方法调用doWorkA()

#总结

QObject: Cannot create children for a parent that is in a different thread.

注意对象所在的线程问题。

moveToThread之前声明的变量在父线程，之后的槽函数运行在新线程，其中声明的变量当然也属于新线程。

使用moveToThread注意事项：

1. 不要经常执行moveToThread。执行此动作时，m_worker中的所有运行中的timer会被停止，然后在新线程中restart，如果经常做会延迟timer。
2. 槽函数在线程中运行。moveToThread之后m_worker中所有的槽函数会在新线程中运行。
3. moveToThread不要滥用。moveToThread只能用来将对象从当前线程转移到另外的线程，不能用于将对象从别的线程转移到当前线程中。

参考官网：http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qobject.html#moveToThread

测试代码：
https://github.com/RobinsonSir/QThreadTest1