单例模式

饿汉式

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点:编写简单
缺点:无法延迟加载

单线程写法

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        if(singleton == null)
            singleton = new Singleton();
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点:编写简单
缺点:多线程市不安全

线程安全的写法

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        synchronized (Singleton.class){
            if(singleton == null)
                singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

优点: 线程安全
缺点:效率不高,每次都需要排队等待(单例中是恨到new的,所以每次来都需要排队)

线程安全兼效率的写法 又叫 双重检查锁

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton = null;

    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        if(singleton == null){
            synchronized (Singleton.class){
                if(singleton == null)
                    singleton = new Singleton();
            }
        }

        return singleton;
    }
}

优点:提升了并发度，进而提升了性能

静态内部类法

public class Singleton {

    private Singleton(){}

    private static class Holder{
        private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    }

    public static Singleton getSingleton(){
        return Holder.singleton;
    }
}

优点:线程安全的(静态内部类只会被加载一次)

详细介绍