什么是微服务?
维基上对其定义为:一种软件开发技术- 面向服务的体系结构(SOA)架构样式的一种变体,将应用程序构造为一组松散耦合的服务。
在微服务体系结构中,服务是细粒度的,协议是轻量级的。
微服务(或微服务架构)是一种云原生架构方法,其中单个应用程序由许多松散耦合且可独立部署的较小组件或服务组成。
什么是Spring Cloud?
Spring Cloud 就是微服务系统架构的一站式解决方案,在构建微服务的过程中需要做如 服务发现注册 、配置中心 、消息总线 、负载均衡 、断路器 、数据监控 等操作,而 Spring Cloud 为我们提供了一套简易的编程模型,使我们能在 Spring Boot 的基础上轻松地实现微服务项目的构建。
首先新建一个父Maven工程springcloud导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.10</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
- 数据库:MySQL
- 持久层框架:MyBatis
新建一个简单的表dept
create table dept
(
deptno bigint auto_increment primary key,
dname varchar(50) null,
db_source varchar(50) null
)
新建一个Maven工程模块
springcloud-provider-dept-8001
导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
编写dept表对应的实体类
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Dept implements Serializable {
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
private String db_source;
public Dept(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
- Serializable 接口表示这个类可以被序列化
编写这个服务提供的功能
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.springcloud.entity.Dept;
import com.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService deptService;
@GetMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
}
- 这里只展示Controller层的代码,其他的就省略了。
- 接口采用RestFul风格
- 服务端口号为8001
测试:
三个功能均成功实现
新建一个Maven工程模块
springcloud-consumer-dept-80
导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
springcloud-consumer-dept-80
不进行具体的业务实现,而是使用springcloud-provider-dept-8001
的服务,所以需要一个远程调用服务的HTTP 请求工具,这里使用RestTemplate
编写Controller层
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.springcloud.entity.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
@RequestMapping("consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
}
}
- 本服务里并没有Mapper层,Service层等的任何编写,单纯调用
springcloud-provider-dept-8001
的服务 - 服务端口号为80
测试:
测试成功!