[Ubuntu]作为服务器&常见错误

【Ubuntu 作为服务器】

安装20.04版

20.10 版本会出现依赖错误
即使修改安装源也是会出现依赖错误

详情

sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo ufw status
sudo ufw allow 22 (打开22端口)

网络设置

1. 使用桥接方式（与主机在同一个网段上）
2. 打开网络

网络问题：
主机用xshell 连接虚拟机的过程中，只要保证双方在同一个局域网就可以了；
可以用NAT 和桥接都可以
如果发现虚拟本地主机没有虚拟网卡，使用还原重置
servers,msc

修改为自动启动
还原过程中会自动下载

连接

1. 使用xshell 进行连接

安装

$ sudo tar -zxvf CLion-xxx.x.x.tar.gz -C /opt/clion

配置

安装数据库

安装数据库

数据库报错

fatal error: mysql/mysql.h: No such file or directory

【错误提示】

分析

报错原因是因为在使用apt-get的时候无法获取到相应的软件包
首先这是可能的一个原因是因为配置好的软件安装源是国外的，国内无法访问，这个时候可以使用国内的镜像镜像替换，常见的国内镜像有清华和阿里云和豆瓣

解决方法

切换到sources,list目录下打开该文件，初学者可以使用系统自带的文本编辑器进行打开；

cd /ept/apt
ls -l # 可以查看文件权限
修改文件内容先修改文件的权限，该文件默认是只读不可写；
sudo chmod 666 sources.list # 修改为可写状态
gedit sources.list
修改内容之后将文件权限该回去
sudo chmod 664 sources.list

最后一步更新一下
sudo apt-get update
大功告成

sources.list

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200731)]/ focal main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

这里没有使用阿里云清华镜像
使用的是国内的ubuntu 镜像

阿里云镜像

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

解决窗口小问题