输入输出外挂

//适合32位整数
int scan()
{
    int res=0,ch,flag=0;
    if((ch=getchar())=='-')             //判断正负
        flag=1;
    else if(ch>='0'&&ch<='9')           //得到完整的数
        res=ch-'0';
    while((ch=getchar())>='0'&&ch<='9')
        res=res*10+ch-'0';
    return flag?-res:res;
}

//适用于正负数,(int,long long,float,double)
template <class T>
bool scan(T &ret){
    char c; int sgn; T bit=0.1;
    if(c=getchar(),c==EOF) return 0;
    while(c!='-'&&c!='.'&&(c<'0'||c>'9')) c=getchar();
    sgn=(c=='-')?-1:1;
    ret=(c=='-')?0:(c-'0');
    while(c=getchar(),c>='0'&&c<='9') ret=ret*10+(c-'0');
    if(c==' '||c=='\n'){ ret*=sgn; return 1; }
    while(c=getchar(),c>='0'&&c<='9') ret+=(c-'0')*bit,bit/=10;
    ret*=sgn;
    return 1;
}

//输出
inline void out(int x)
{
    if(x>9) out(x/10);
    putchar(x%10+'0');
}