Python 列表

创建列表

"""
数组:存储同一数据类型的集合 score = [10,20,30]
列表:可以存储任意数据类型的集合
"""
"""
In [16]: name = ['tom','bob','coco','alice']
In [17]: name                                                           
Out[17]: ['tom', 'bob', 'coco', 'alice']

In [18]: type(name)                                                     
Out[18]: list

"""

#列表里可以存储不同的数据类型
li = [1,1.2,'hello',True]
print(li)
print(type(li))

#列表嵌套
li1 = [1,1.2,'hello',True,[1,2,3,4,5]]
print(li1)
print(type(li1))

列表的特性

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']

#索引
# print(service[0])
# print(service[-1])

#切片
# print(service[1:])
# print(service[:-1])
# print(service[::-1])

#重复
# print(service * 3)

#连接
service1 = ['mysql','firewalld']
# print(service + service1)

#成员操作符
# print('mysql' in service)
# print('mysql' in service1)

#迭代
# print('显示所有服务'.center(50,'*'))
# for se in service:
#     print(se)

#列表里嵌套列表
service2 = [['http',80],['ssh',22],['ftp',21]]
#索引
print(service2[0][1])
print(service2[-1][1])

#切片
print(service2[:][1])
print(service2[:-1][0])
print(service2[0][:-1])

列表的练习

"""
假定有下面的列表:
names = ['fentiao','fendai','fensi','apple']
输出结果为: 'I have fentiao, fendai, fensi and apple.'

"""
names = ['fentiao','fendai','fensi','apple']
print('I have ' + ','.join(names[:-1]) + ' and ' + names[-1])

列表的增加

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']

#1.
# print(service + ['firewalld'])

#2.append:追加 追加一个元素到列表中
# service.append('firewalld')
# print(service)

#3.extend:拉伸 追加多个元素到列表中
# service.extend(['mysql','firewalld'])
# print(service)

#4.insert:在指定索引位置插入元素
service.insert(1,'samba')
print(service)

列表的删除

In [19]: service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']                           

In [20]: service.pop()                                                  
Out[20]: 'dns'

In [21]: service                                                        
Out[21]: ['http', 'ssh', 'ftp']

In [22]: a = service.pop()                                              

In [23]: service                                                        
Out[23]: ['http', 'ssh']

In [24]: a                                                              
Out[24]: 'ftp'

In [25]: service.pop(0)                                                 
Out[25]: 'http'

In [26]: service                                                        
Out[26]: ['ssh']

In [27]: service.pop()                                                  
Out[27]: 'ssh'

In [28]: service.pop()                                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-28-d8278ea86206> in <module>
----> 1 service.pop()

IndexError: pop from empty list

#remove:删除指定元素
In [30]: service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']                           


In [31]:                                                                

In [31]: a = service.remove('ssh')                                      

In [32]: print(service)                                                 
['http', 'ftp', 'dns']

In [33]: print(a)                                                       
None

In [34]: print(service)                                                 
['http', 'ftp', 'dns']

#从内存中删除列表
In [35]: del service                                                    

In [36]: print(service)   

列表的修改

service = ['http','ssh','ftp','dns']

#通过索引，重新赋值
service[0] = 'mysql'
print(service)

#通过切片
print(service[:2])
service[:2] = ['samba','nfs']
print(service)

列表的查看

service = ['ftp','ssh','ftp','dns']

#查看出现的次数
print(service.count('ftp'))
print(service.count('dns'))

#查看指定元素的索引值(可以指定索引范围查看)
print(service.index('ssh'))
print(service.index('ftp',1,4))

列表的排序

service = ['ftp','ssh','ftp','dns']
service.sort()
print(service)


import random

li = list(range(10))
print(li)

#讲原有的列表顺序打乱
random.shuffle(li)
print(li)

列表练习

"""
1.系统里面有多个用户，用户的信息目前保存在列表里面
    users = ['root','westos']
    passwd = ['123','456']
2.用户登陆(判断用户登陆是否成功
    1).判断用户是否存在
    2).如果存在
        1).判断用户密码是否正确
        如果正确，登陆成功，推出循环
        如果密码不正确，重新登陆，总共有三次机会登陆
    3).如果用户不存在
    重新登陆，总共有三次机会
"""

users = ['root','westos']
passwords = ['123','456']

#尝试登录次数
trycount = 0

while trycount < 3:
    inuser = input('用户名: ')
    inpassword = input('密码: ')

    trycount += 1

    if inuser in users:
        index = users.index(inuser)
        password = passwords[index]

        if inpassword == password:
            print('%s登录成功' %(inuser))
            break
        else:
            print('%s登录失败 : 密码错误' %inuser)
    else:
        print('用户%s不存在' %inuser)
else:
    print('尝试超过三次，请稍后再试')

enumerate 枚举

for i,v in enumerate('hello'):
    print(i,v)

zip

s1 = 'abc'
s2 = '123'

for i in zip(s1,s2):
    print('-'.join(i))