RabbitMQ常用模式及代码实例

1. pub/sub模式

There are a few exchange types available: direct, topic, headers and fanout. 

它支持四种类型，如上。

X是交换机，消息发送时只需要设定交换机即可，消息订阅者需要将queue和交换机绑定。

首先我们建立Maven工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.caacetc.rabbitmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>rabbitmq-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>rabbitmq-demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在尝试使用前，我们最好抽取一些常量及工具类

RabbitConstant：

public class RabbitConstant {
    public static final String QUEUE_HELLOWORLD = "helloworld";
    public static final String QUEUE_SMS = "sms";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_WEATHER = "weather";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING = "weather_routing";
    public static final String QUEUE_BAIDU = "baidu";
    public static final String QUEUE_SINA = "sina";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_WEATHER_TOPIC = "weather_topic";
}

RabbitUtils：

public class RabbitUtils {
    private static ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
    static {
        connectionFactory.setHost("120.79.xxx.xxx");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
    }
    public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
        Connection conn = null;

        try {
            conn = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Exception(e);
        }
        return conn;

    }
}

生产者：

public class WeatherBureau {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        System.out.println("请输入天气情况：");
        String input = new Scanner(System.in).next();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.basicPublish(RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER,"" , null , input.getBytes());
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者1：（可多个消费端同时绑定同一个exchange）

public class Baidu {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, false, false, false, null);
        //queueBind用于将队列与交换机绑定
        //参数1：队列名 参数2：交互机名  参数三：路由key（暂时用不到)
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER, "");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("百度收到气象信息：" + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}

消费者2：（可多个消费端同时绑定同一个exchange）

public class Sina {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, false, false, false, null);
        //queueBind用于将队列与交换机绑定
        //参数1：队列名 参数2：交互机名  参数三：路由key（暂时用不到)
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER, "");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("新浪收到气象信息：" + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}

生产端发送的所有信息都会被绑定它的交换机的消费端所接受到。

2. routing模式

注意，此模式需要使用direct 类型的交换机，官方解释如下：

此方式只支持direct type的exchange，fanout类型是不支持的。
生产者：需要指定每条消息的routingKey，然后消费者将自己的queue绑定到此交换机并指定routingKey

public class WeatherBureau {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Map area = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
        area.put("china.hebei.shijiazhuang.20991011", "中国河北石家庄20991011天气数据");
        area.put("china.shandong.qingdao.20991011", "中国山东青岛20991011天气数据");
        area.put("china.henan.zhengzhou.20991011", "中国河南郑州20991011天气数据");
        area.put("us.cal.la.20991011", "美国加州洛杉矶20991011天气数据");

        area.put("china.hebei.shijiazhuang.20991012", "中国河北石家庄20991012天气数据");
        area.put("china.shandong.qingdao.20991012", "中国山东青岛20991012天气数据");
        area.put("china.henan.zhengzhou.20991012", "中国河南郑州20991012天气数据");
        area.put("us.cal.la.20991012", "美国加州洛杉矶20991012天气数据");

        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> itr = area.entrySet().iterator();
        while (itr.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> me = itr.next();
            //Routing key 第二个参数相当于数据筛选的条件
            channel.basicPublish(RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING,me.getKey() , null , me.getValue().getBytes());
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者1：指定需要接受的routeKey类型

public class Sina {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, false, false, false, null);

        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "us.cal.la.20991011");
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "china.henan.zhengzhou.20991011");
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "us.cal.la.20991012");
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "china.henan.zhengzhou.20991012");

        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("新浪收到气象信息(routekey)：" + new String(body));
                System.out.println(envelope.getRoutingKey());
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}

消费者2：指定需要接受的routeKey类型

public class Baidu {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, false, false, false, null);
        //queueBind用于将队列与交换机绑定
        //参数1：队列名 参数2：交互机名  参数三：路由key
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "china.shandong.qingdao.20991011");
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_ROUTING, "china.shandong.qingdao.20991012");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("百度收到气象信息(routekey)：" + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}

3.topic模式

topic模式其实就是加强版的routing,它支持roukting的通配符操作

生产者： 和routing的一模一样，需要设置每条消息的routeKey

public class WeatherBureau {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Map area = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
        area.put("china.hebei.shijiazhuang.20991011", "中国河北石家庄20991011天气数据");
        area.put("china.shandong.qingdao.20991011", "中国山东青岛20991011天气数据");
        area.put("china.henan.zhengzhou.20991011", "中国河南郑州20991011天气数据");
        area.put("us.cal.la.20991011", "美国加州洛杉矶20991011天气数据");

        area.put("china.hebei.shijiazhuang.20991012", "中国河北石家庄20991012天气数据");
        area.put("china.shandong.qingdao.20991012", "中国山东青岛20991012天气数据");
        area.put("china.henan.zhengzhou.20991012", "中国河南郑州20991012天气数据");
        area.put("us.cal.la.20991012", "美国加州洛杉矶20991012天气数据");

        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> itr = area.entrySet().iterator();
        while (itr.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, String> me = itr.next();
            //Routing key 第二个参数相当于数据筛选的条件
            channel.basicPublish(RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_TOPIC,me.getKey() , null , me.getValue().getBytes());
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

消费者1： us.# #代表0个或者多个单词， 此匹配以us.开头的所有routingKey

public class Sina {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, false, false, false, null);

        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_TOPIC, "us.#");

        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_SINA , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("新浪收到气象信息：" + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}

消费者2： *.*.*.20991011 *代表一个单词 ,此匹配以20991011结尾的前面有单个单词的routingkey

public class Baidu {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection connection = RabbitUtils.getConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, false, false, false, null);
        //queueBind用于将队列与交换机绑定
        //参数1：队列名 参数2：交互机名  参数三：路由key
        channel.queueBind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_TOPIC, "*.*.*.20991011");
        //channel.queueUnbind(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU, RabbitConstant.EXCHANGE_WEATHER_TOPIC, "*.*.*.20991011");
        //*.hebei.*.*
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(RabbitConstant.QUEUE_BAIDU , false , new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("百度收到气象信息：" + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag() , false);
            }
        });
    }
}