C# 使用键盘勾子获取键盘按键码

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 22:54:09 发布

登风666

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 22:54:09 发布

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文章标签：计算机外设 c# 开发语言 visualstudio

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zd8766zd/article/details/139263994

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使用勾子的好处：不需使接收键盘消息的窗体为激活窗体，只要按键被按就能被触发。

一、新建一个winform项目，如下图：

二、调用Win32API,主要是user32.dll与kernel32.dll，win32API代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HookKeyBoard
{
    public class Win32Api

    {
        #region 常数和结构

        public const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;

        public const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;

        public const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;

        public const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;

        public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;



        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] //声明键盘钩子的封送结构类型 

        public class KeyboardHookStruct

        {

            public int vkCode; //表示一个在1到254间的虚似键盘码 

            public int scanCode; //表示硬件扫描码 

            public int flags;

            public int time;

            public int dwExtraInfo;

        }

        #endregion

        #region Api

        public delegate int HookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        //安装钩子的函数 

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]

        public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId);



        //卸下钩子的函数 

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]

        public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);



        //下一个钩挂的函数 

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]

        public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam);



        [DllImport("user32")]

        public static extern int ToAscii(int uVirtKey, int uScanCode, byte[] lpbKeyState, byte[] lpwTransKey, int fuState);



        [DllImport("user32")]

        public static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState);



        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]

        public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);

        #endregion
    }
}

三、创建一个勾子处理类，设置勾子与解除勾子，主要用到的代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace HookKeyBoard
{
    public class KeyboardHook
    {

        int hHook;

        Win32Api.HookProc KeyboardHookDelegate;

        public event KeyEventHandler OnKeyDownEvent;

        public event KeyEventHandler OnKeyUpEvent;

        public event KeyPressEventHandler OnKeyPressEvent;

        public KeyboardHook() { }

        public void SetHook()
        {

            KeyboardHookDelegate = new Win32Api.HookProc(KeyboardHookProc);

            Process cProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();

            ProcessModule cModule = cProcess.MainModule;

            var mh = Win32Api.GetModuleHandle(cModule.ModuleName);

            hHook = Win32Api.SetWindowsHookEx(Win32Api.WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookDelegate, mh, 0);

        }

        public void UnHook()
        {

            Win32Api.UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHook);

        }

        private List<Keys> preKeysList = new List<Keys>();//存放被按下的控制键，用来生成具体的键

        private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {            
            //如果该消息被丢弃（nCode<0）或者没有事件绑定处理程序则不会触发事件
            if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnKeyDownEvent != null || OnKeyUpEvent != null || OnKeyPressEvent != null))
            {

                Win32Api.KeyboardHookStruct KeyDataFromHook = (Win32Api.KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Win32Api.KeyboardHookStruct));

                Keys keyData = (Keys)KeyDataFromHook.vkCode;

                //按下控制键
                if ((OnKeyDownEvent != null || OnKeyPressEvent != null) && (wParam == Win32Api.WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == Win32Api.WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                {

                    if (IsCtrlAltShiftKeys(keyData) && preKeysList.IndexOf(keyData) == -1)

                    {

                        preKeysList.Add(keyData);

                    }

                }

                //WM_KEYDOWN和WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息，将会引发OnKeyDownEvent事件
                if (OnKeyDownEvent != null && (wParam == Win32Api.WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == Win32Api.WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                {

                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(GetDownKeys(keyData));



                    OnKeyDownEvent(this, e);

                }

                //WM_KEYDOWN消息将引发OnKeyPressEvent 
                if (OnKeyPressEvent != null && wParam == Win32Api.WM_KEYDOWN)
                {

                    byte[] keyState = new byte[256];

                    Win32Api.GetKeyboardState(keyState);



                    byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2];

                    if (Win32Api.ToAscii(KeyDataFromHook.vkCode, KeyDataFromHook.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, KeyDataFromHook.flags) == 1)
                    {

                        KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs((char)inBuffer[0]);

                        OnKeyPressEvent(this, e);

                    }

                }

                //松开控制键
                if ((OnKeyDownEvent != null || OnKeyPressEvent != null) && (wParam == Win32Api.WM_KEYUP || wParam == Win32Api.WM_SYSKEYUP))
                {

                    if (IsCtrlAltShiftKeys(keyData))
                    {

                        for (int i = preKeysList.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                        {

                            if (preKeysList[i] == keyData) { preKeysList.RemoveAt(i); }

                        }

                    }

                }

                //WM_KEYUP和WM_SYSKEYUP消息，将引发OnKeyUpEvent事件 
                if (OnKeyUpEvent != null && (wParam == Win32Api.WM_KEYUP || wParam == Win32Api.WM_SYSKEYUP))
                {

                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(GetDownKeys(keyData));

                    OnKeyUpEvent(this, e);

                }

            }

            return Win32Api.CallNextHookEx(hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);

        }

        //根据已经按下的控制键生成key
        private Keys GetDownKeys(Keys key)
        {

            Keys rtnKey = Keys.None;

            foreach (Keys i in preKeysList)
            {

                if (i == Keys.LControlKey || i == Keys.RControlKey) { rtnKey = rtnKey | Keys.Control; }

                if (i == Keys.LMenu || i == Keys.RMenu) { rtnKey = rtnKey | Keys.Alt; }

                if (i == Keys.LShiftKey || i == Keys.RShiftKey) { rtnKey = rtnKey | Keys.Shift; }

            }

            return rtnKey | key;

        }



        private Boolean IsCtrlAltShiftKeys(Keys key)
        {

            if (key == Keys.LControlKey || key == Keys.RControlKey || key == Keys.LMenu || key == Keys.RMenu || key == Keys.LShiftKey || key == Keys.RShiftKey) { return true; }

            return false;

        }

    }
}

四、在winform窗口程序中使用勾子，在窗口的加载事件中设置勾子，在窗口关闭事件中解除勾子，代码如下：

                
        KeyboardHook kh;

        Stopwatch sw;
        double tim = 0;
        string str = "";
        void kh_OnKeyDownEvent(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
        {
            if (tim == 0)
            {
                sw.Restart();
                //str += e.KeyValue.ToString() + " ";
            }

            str += e.KeyValue.ToString() + "    ";
            //listBox1.Items.Add(e.KeyValue.ToString());

        }
        

        private void FrmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            kh = new KeyboardHook();
            kh.SetHook();
            kh.OnKeyDownEvent += kh_OnKeyDownEvent;
            sw = new Stopwatch();

            //增加异步线程处理换行显示
            Thread t = new Thread(ShowStr);
            t.IsBackground = true;
            t.Start();
        }

        private void FrmMain_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            kh.UnHook();
        }

        //处理换行显示
        void ShowStr()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(5);

                if (sw.IsRunning)
                {
                    TimeSpan ts = sw.Elapsed;
                    tim = ts.TotalMilliseconds;
                    if (tim > 300)
                    {
                        sw.Stop();
                        if (str != "")
                        {
                            LstShow();
                        }
                        tim = 0;
                        str = "";
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        void LstShow()
        {
            if (listBox1.InvokeRequired)
            {
                listBox1.Invoke(new Action(() =>
                {
                    listBox1.Items.Add(str);
                }));
            }
            else
            {
                listBox1.Items.Add(str);
            }
        }