Perhaps the most difficult aspect of getting a freshly written
JSR-160 (
Remote JMX) compliant application working is ensuring a proper
JMXServiceURL. In this blog entry, I cover some of the most common
JMXServiceURL-related exceptions one may run into when developing the client and server portions of a management and monitoring system using Remote JMX.
The
JMX 1.4 Specification combines the original JMX specification with the Remote JMX specification in a
single document (the JMX Remote API Specification is part III of
this document). This third part covers the required
RMI
connector as well as the optional JMXMP connector. In this blog entry, I'll be focusing on using the RMI connector with
Java SE 6
HotSpot
platform MBean server. Instead of using
JConsoleas a client, I'll use a simple custom client to illustrate some of the exceptions one may encounter when writing one's own client.
I am using essentially the same code in this blog for examples that I previously used in the previous blog entry
Remote JMX: With and Without Spring and Proxies. I will not reproduce the code here, but it is sufficient to know that the JMX Connector server code generally establishes its
JMXServiceURL as
service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi. Note that the protocol is RMI, the host is localhost, the port is 1099, and the URL string is "jmxrmi". Because the JMX client needs to use the same JMXServiceURL as provided by the server, I appreciate it when third-party JMX servers provide this to me. For example, both
GlassFish and the
JMX Web Services Connector
Reference Implementation
sample provide their
JMXServiceURL to the console when they are executed.
When the
JMXServiceURL is known, it is relatively straightforward to write a client. The most significant lines of code for doing this are extracted from the code in the previously referenced blog and displayed next:
- final String objectNameStr = "dustin:type=status,name=remoteJMX";
- final String jmxRmiStr =
- "service:jmx:rmi://localhost/jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi";
- try
- {
- final ObjectName objectName = new ObjectName(objectNameStr);
- final JMXServiceURL jmxUrl = new JMXServiceURL(jmxRmiStr);
- final JMXConnector jmxConnector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(jmxUrl);
- final MBeanServerConnection mbsc = jmxConnector.getMBeanServerConnection();
As the code listing above demonstrates, it is fairly easy (and mostly boilerplate) to connect clients to a JMX Connector Server with a well-known
JMXServiceURL. However, it is not uncommon for new JMX developers to struggle to get the
JMXServiceURL appropriately set. In the remainder of this blog entry, I now look at some of the most common
JMXServiceURL-related exceptions one may run into.
ERROR: IOException trying to connect to JMX Connector Server: Failed to retrieve RMIServer stub: javax.naming.ServiceUnavailableException [Root exception is java.rmi.ConnectException: Connection refused to host: localhost; nested exception is:
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect]
A possible cause of this exception includes no JMX Connector Server running on the specified host and port combination.
Also, ensure that an RMI registry has been started at the specified port.
ERROR: IOException trying to connect to JMX Connector Server: Failed to retrieve RMIServer stub: javax.naming.NameNotFoundException: jmx-rmi
This
NameNotFoundException was a result of inadvertently mistyping the client's String URL portion (
jmx-rmi specified by the client rather than
jmxrmi without the hyphen). This is different from the above error because a JMX Connector Server is at the specified host and port, but with a different String portion. Because multiple JMX Connector Servers can use the same host/port combination as long as they have unique String portions of their URLs, it is not surprising that no assumptions can be made about what String was intended.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.RegistryContext cannot be cast to javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServer
The previous exception demonstrated the result of attempting to access a JMX Connector Server from a client with the correct host/port comibination, but with an incorrect String URL portion. This
ClassCastException is the result of not specifying any String URL portion at all in the
JMXServiceURL. In other words, the
jmxrmi portion was left off the end of the client's
JMXServiceURL.
java.io.IOException: Cannot bind to URL [rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi]: javax.naming.NameAlreadyBoundException: jmxrmi [Root exception is java.rmi.AlreadyBoundException: jmxrmi]
Until now, all of the previously covered exceptions resulted from a JMX Client using a mistyped or otherwise incorrect
JMXServiceURL that did not match that used by the JMX Connector Server. This exception, however, is a JMX Connector Server exception that results from two different applications trying to use the same JMXServiceURL on the same host/port with the same URL String.
ERROR: Problem with JMXServiceURL based on rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi:Service URL must start with service:jmx:
This error message is particularly descriptive and occurs when the
JMXServiceURL does not begin with the specification-required
service:jmx: portion. See Section 13.8 ("Connector Server Addresses") for additional details on all
JMXServiceURLs beginning with this portion.
ERROR: Problem with JMXServiceURL based on service:jmx::///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi: Missing or invalid protocol name: ""
As the error message indicates, the protocol is missing from the
JMXServiceURL, which should be
service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi, but the portion in
red was omitted.
ERROR: Problem with JMXServiceURL based on service:jmx:nothing:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi: Unsupported protocol: nothing
Whereas the previous error message indicated a missing protocol designation, this error indicates an erroneous protocol specification. In this particular case, the incorrect
JMXServiceURL used was
service:jmx:nothing:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi where the "nothing" in
red should have been "rmi".
ERROR: IOException trying to connect to JMX Connector Server: Failed to retrieve RMIServer stub: javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file: java.naming.factory.initial
This error message is displayed for the case where the second protocol listing in the
JMXServiceURL is either omitted or has an incorrect value. In other words, if the
highlighted portion of the correct
JMXServiceURL (
service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:1099/jmxrmi)was omitted entirely or had something unexpected like "nothing," this error message would occur.
Other Remote JMX Exceptions/Errors Considerations
There are, of course, several other types of exceptions one can run into when remotely accessing a JMX Connector Server. These exceptions, which have not been covered here, are those that are thrown when the connection is successfully made, but the sought-after MBean cannot be found or some other problem occurs. The
JMX Best Practices document outlines recommendations related to
MBeans throwing standard exceptions and also recommends having MBeans intended for remote management/monitoring implement interfaces with operations that use the
throws
IOException clause (more granular for client than available as
UndeclaredThrowableException).
JMX Exceptions in General
The focus of this blog entry has been on common exceptions and errors encountered when running a custom JMX Connector Client with a custom JMX Connector Server. Note that JMX spells out its own exception hierarchy related to the JMX Agent. Section 6.4 (JMX Exceptions) of the JMX 1.4 Specification is devoted to these JMX exceptions. The section talks about the
JMException, which is the main class and parent of all descendant exception classes (exception runtime exceptions) thrown by a JMX agent implementation. The JMX runtime exceptions are represented by
JMRuntimeException and its descendant exceptions.
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