Most Unstable Array CodeForces - 1353A（数学+贪心+建设性算法）

题意：

给定 n, m，构造出一个长度为 n 的数组 a，使得数组的和为 m，在此条件下$$\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}|a_i-a_{i-1}|$$ 最大是多少？

题目：

You are given two integers n and m. You have to construct the array a of length n consisting of non-negative integers (i.e. integers greater than or equal to zero) such that the sum of elements of this array is exactly m and the value $$\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}|a_i-a_{i-1}|$$ is the maximum possible. Recall that |x| is the absolute value of x.

In other words, you have to maximize the sum of absolute differences between adjacent (consecutive) elements. For example, if the array a=[1,3,2,5,5,0] then the value above for this array is |1−3|+|3−2|+|2−5|+|5−5|+|5−0|=2+1+3+0+5=11. Note that this example doesn’t show the optimal answer but it shows how the required value for some array is calculated.

You have to answer t independent test cases.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer t (1≤t≤104) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

The only line of the test case contains two integers n and m (1≤n,m≤109) — the length of the array and its sum correspondingly.

Output

For each test case, print the answer — the maximum possible value of $$\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}|a_i-a_{i-1}|$$ for the array a consisting of n non-negative integers with the sum m.

Example

Input

5
1 100
2 2
5 5
2 1000000000
1000000000 1000000000

Output

0
2
10
1000000000
2000000000

Note

In the first test case of the example, the only possible array is [100] and the answer is obviously 0.

In the second test case of the example, one of the possible arrays is [2,0] and the answer is |2−0|=2.

In the third test case of the example, one of the possible arrays is [0,2,0,3,0] and the answer is |0−2|+|2−0|+|0−3|+|3−0|=10.

思维：

挺有趣的思维水题。
可以注意到，n=1时答案为0，n=2时答案为m，n=3时整个差分之和不超过2m，即答案为2m.最大的情况就是0 a1 0 a2 0 a3…这么构造（a1+a2+a3…=m）或者0 0 0 m 0 0 0（m一定要放在中间)

AC代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int t,n,m;
int main()
{
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        if(n==1)printf("0\n");
        else if(n==2)printf("%d\n",m);
        else printf("%d\n",2*m);
    }
}