Android访问系统文件在各个版本之间的适配

Android7.0 （N） 开始，将严格执行 StrictMode 模式，对文件系统将有更高的安全管理。从 Android N 开始，将不允许在 App 间，使用 file:// 的方式，传递一个 File ，否则会抛出 FileUriExposedException的错误，会直接引发 Crash。而是使用FileProvider，通过 content://的模式替换掉 file://。

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以下就以具体的代码形式说明文件的选择与打开~~~

打开文件：

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.setType("*/*");
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
try {
    startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select a File"), CODE_REQUEST_IMPORT_SMS);
} catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please install a File Manager.",  Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return;
}

     选择文件后在onActivityResult()中得到文件路径：

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    if (requestCode == CODE_REQUEST_IMPORT_SMS) {
         if(resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
            Uri uri = data.getData();
            //content://com.speedsoftware.rootexplorer.content/sdcard/customfile.xml
            String path = ContentUriUtil.getPath(MainActivity.this,uri);
        }
    }
}

其中ContentUriUtil中的代码如下：

public class ContentUriUtil {
    /**
     * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access
     * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and
     * other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context The context.
     * @param uri The Uri to query.
     * @author paulburke
     */
    public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;

        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }

                // TODO handle non-primary volumes
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {

                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }

                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {
                        split[1]
                };

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {

            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();

            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }

        return null;
    }
    /**
     **
     * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
     * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context The context.
     * @param uri The Uri to query.
     * @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.
     * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
     * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
     */
    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                       String[] selectionArgs) {

        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = "_data";
        final String[] projection = {
                column
        };

        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }
}

此时若要打开刚才选中的文件需要针对android 7.0以前和以后的版本做不同的处理，具体如下：

1.针对Android 7.0及以上的系统需要先在Manifest.xml中配置:

<provider
	android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
	android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"//这里的authorities需要保持唯一，且与后面代码使用时需要保持一致
	android:exported="false"//是否对外开放
	android:grantUriPermissions="true">
	<meta-data
		android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"//固定值
		android:resource="@xml/provider_paths">//对应的xml资源文件，里面定义需要访问的文件路径，xml文件的文件名称可以自定义

	</meta-data>

</provider>

2.然后在res/xml文件夹下创建xml文件，这里为provider_paths.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path
        name="external_files"
        path="."/><!--.表示根目录-->

</paths>

xml文件中的各个标签的含义：

root-path 对应DEVICE_ROOT,也就是File DEVICE_ROOT = new File("/")，即根目录，一般不需要配置
files-path对应 context.getFileDir() 获取到的目录
cache-path对应 context.getCacheDir() 获取到的目录
external-path对应 context.getExternalStorageDirectory() 指向的目录
external-files-path对应 context.getExternalFilesDirs() 获取到的目录
external-cache-path对应 context.getExternalCacheDirs() 获取到的目录

2.最后写代码打开文件（android 7.0之前的版本打开文件时不需要执行上面第一步和第二步，代码如下，这里不在赘述）: 

public static void openFile(Context context,String filePath){
	if(context==null){
		return;
	}
	
	if(TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)){
		return;
	}
	File file = new File(filePath);
	if(file==null || !file.exists()){
		return;
	}
	Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
	Uri uri = null;
        String extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(filePath);
        String mimeType =  MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension);
	//打开文件需要做版本适配 android 7.0需要用provider打开文件                     
	if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
		//andorid 7.0及之后的版本需要通过FileProvider获取uri
		uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, context.getPackageName()+".provider", file);
		intent.setDataAndType(uri,mimeType);                         
		//intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);//和grantUriPermission()选一个应该就可以了
		grantUriPermission(context,uri,intent);
	}else{
		//andorid 7.0之前的版本直接获取uri即可
		uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
		intent.setDataAndType(uri,mimeType);
	}

	if(!(context instanceof Activity)){
		intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
	}

	context.startActivity(intent);
}

//获得权限
private static void grantUriPermission (Context context, Uri fileUri, Intent intent) {
	List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList = context.getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
	for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
		String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
		context.grantUriPermission(packageName, fileUri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
	}
}

到这里为止，打开文件的代码都已经完成~