话说我打算一天学完object c语法，系列6--------来自书Objective-c程序设计-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zengraoli/article/details/8997027

综合例子

这是目前为止最为复杂的例子，将前面的内容联系到一起的，主要是演示一个“新老师”俱乐部会员管理的实例：

Membership.h：

//
//  Membership.h
//  test
//
//  Created by Dawn on 13-5-27.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 zeng. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Membership : NSObject<NSCoding>{
    NSString *name;
    NSString *telephone;
}

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name, *telephone;

// 构建这个方法来一次性设置两个属性，简化操作
-(void) setName: (NSString *) theName andTelephone: (NSString *) theTelephone;
// 属性中的排序比较方法
-(NSComparisonResult) compareNames: (id) element;

-(void) print;

@end

Membership.m：

//
//  Membership.m
//  test
//
//  Created by Dawn on 13-5-27.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 zeng. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Membership.h"

@implementation Membership
@synthesize name, telephone;
// 构建这个方法来一次性设置两个属性，简化操作
-(void) setName: (NSString *) theName andTelephone: (NSString *) theTelephone{
    [self setName: theName];
    [self setTelephone:theTelephone];
}

// 属性中的排序比较方法
-(NSComparisonResult) compareNames: (id) element{
    
    // 通过compare方法比较属性的大小，将结果返回
    return [name compare:[element name]];
}

-(void) print{
    NSLog(@"会员的姓名是：%@", name);
    NSLog(@"会员的手机号是：%@", telephone);
}

-(void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder{
    [encoder encodeObject:name forKey:@"Membershipname"];
    [encoder encodeObject:telephone forKey:@"Membershiptelephone"];
}

-(id) initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder{
    name = [[decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"Membershipname"] retain];
    telephone = [[decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"Membershiptelephone"  ] retain];
    
    return self;
}

-(void) dealloc{
    [name release];
    [telephone release];
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

YourClub.h

//
//  YourClub.h
//  test
//
//  Created by Dawn on 13-5-27.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 zeng. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Membership.h"

@interface YourClub : NSObject<NSCoding>{
    NSString *clubname;
    NSMutableArray *club;
}

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *clubname;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSMutableArray *club;

-(id) initWithName: (NSString *) name;
-(void) sort;
-(void) addMember: (Membership *) theMember;
-(void) removeMember: (Membership *) theMember;
-(NSUInteger) entries;
-(void) list;
-(Membership *) lookup: (NSString *) theName;
-(void) dealloc;

@end

YourClub.m

//
//  YourClub.m
//  test
//
//  Created by Dawn on 13-5-27.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 zeng. All rights reserved.
//

#import "YourClub.h"

@implementation YourClub
@synthesize club, clubname;

-(id) initWithName: (NSString *) name{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        clubname = [[NSString alloc] initWithString: name];
        club = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    
    return self;
}

-(void) sort{
    // 俱乐部数组中的元素的排序方法，选择器只想compareNames方法
    [club sortUsingSelector:@selector(compareNames:)];
}

-(void) addMember: (Membership *) theMember{
    [club addObject:theMember];
}
-(void) removeMember: (Membership *) theMember{
    [club removeObject:theMember];
}

// 拿到俱乐部的成员总数
-(NSUInteger) entries{
    return [club count];
}

-(void) list{
    NSLog(@"%@会员列表：", clubname);
    for (Membership *theMember in club) {
        NSLog(@"%-10s    %-10s", [theMember.name UTF8String], [theMember.telephone UTF8String]);
    }
}

// 寻找俱乐部中的某个成员
-(Membership *) lookup: (NSString *) theName{
    for (Membership *nextMember in club) {
        if ([[nextMember name] caseInsensitiveCompare:theName] == NSOrderedSame) {
            return nextMember;
        }
    }
    return nil;
}

-(void) dealloc{
    [clubname release];
    [club release];
    [super dealloc];
}

-(void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder{
    [encoder encodeObject:clubname forKey:@"YourClubName"];
    [encoder encodeObject:club forKey:@"YourClub"];
}

-(id) initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder{
    clubname = [[decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"YourClubName"] retain];
    club = [[decoder decodeObjectForKey:@"YourClub"] retain];
    
    return self;
}

@end

main.m：

//
//  main.m
//  test
//
//  Created by Zeng on 13-5-24.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 zeng. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "YourClub.h"
#import "Membership.h"


int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
 
    Membership *member1 = [[Membership alloc] init];
    Membership *member2 = [[Membership alloc] init];
    Membership *member3 = [[Membership alloc] init];
    Membership *member4 = [[Membership alloc] init];
    Membership *member5 = [[Membership alloc] init];
    
    [member1 setName:@"Alex" andTelephone:@"112233"];
    [member2 setName:@"Sam"  andTelephone:@"223344"];
    [member3 setName:@"Kimi" andTelephone:@"334455"];
    [member4 setName:@"Lee"  andTelephone:@"445566"];
    
    YourClub *club1 = [YourClub alloc];
    YourClub *club2 = [YourClub alloc];

    club1 = [club1 initWithName:@"新老师"];
    
    [club1 addMember:member1];
    [club1 addMember:member2];
    [club1 addMember:member3];
    [club1 addMember:member4];
    
    NSLog(@"新老师共拥有的会员数为：%lu", [club1 entries]);
    printf("\n");
    
    [club1 list];
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"寻找会员Sam");
    member5 = [club1 lookup:@"Sam"];
    
    if (member5 == nil) {
        NSLog(@"没有此会员的信息");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"该用户是我们的会员");
        [member5 print];
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"寻找会员leee(并没有此会员)");
    member5 = [club1 lookup:@"leee"];
    
    if (member5 == nil) {
        NSLog(@"没有此会员的信息");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"该用户是我们的会员");
        [member5 print];
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"我们对会员进行排序(根据姓名升序排列)：");
    [club1 sort];
    [club1 list];
    
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"删除用户Alex：");
    member5 = [club1 lookup:@"Alex"];
    if (member5 == nil) {
        NSLog(@"我们没有这个会员，无法删除");
    }else{
        [club1 removeMember:member5];
        NSLog(@"删除用户成功");
        NSLog(@"删除该用户后的会员列表为：");
        [club1 list];
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"将club1写入到文件club1.arch");
    if ([NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:club1 toFile:@"club1.arch"] == NO) {
        NSLog(@"写入文件失败");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"写入文件成功");
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    NSLog(@"从文件中读取数据");
    club2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"club1.arch"];
    if (club2 == nil) {
        NSLog(@"读取文件失败");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"读取文件成功");
        [club2 list];
    }
    
    [member1 release];
    [member2 release];
    [member3 release];
    [member4 release];
    
    [pool release];
    return 0;
}

输出如下：

AppKit和UIKit

1、图形化用户界面和cocoa

提供图形化界面的那些框架被统称为cocoa。它包含两个框架：基础框架和应用工具(Appkit)框架。在Mac操作系统和iPhone/iPad上的邮件程序、Safari等都是Cocoa应用程序。整个系统从顶向下分成五层：

操作系统内核：

同硬件的通讯、管理内存、执行I/O等

核心服务：

文件管理、网络、线程管理等

应用服务：

支持打印和图像，包括opengl等

cocoa：

管理窗口、视图等

iPhone/iPad所运行的操作系统叫做ios。在cocoa这一层，叫做cocoatouch。cocoa和cocoa touch都是用相同的基础框架。但是，在cocoa touch上，另一个框架是UIKit，而不是Appkit。在cocoa touch上，增加了一些类来吃吃GPS、触摸等功能。

AppKit

AppKit框架提供了界面上的所有对象，比如按钮、菜单等。在界面创建器中，开发人员把界面对象和代码关联，从而，当对象上的某个时间发生时，相关的代码就被调用。在AppKit的类层次树上，会发现，很多界面对象类都集成字NSResponder类(该类继承自NSObject类)，比如，NSApplication、NSWindow和NSView等。

每个应用程序都是一个NSApplication实例，这个实例把时间发送到应用下的窗口对象。开发人员一般是先NSApplication对象的委托(回调)方法，从而控制着整个应用，比如，调用哪个窗口。