python--opencv的基本使用

python–opencv的基本使用

安装
pip install opencv-python
引用
import cv2

常用函数

读图片：

原型

Python:retval=cv.imread(filename[, flags])

image = cv2.imread(full_path_i)

imread flag参数
IMREAD_UNCHANGED Python: cv.IMREAD_UNCHANGED	If set, return the loaded image as is (with alpha channel, otherwise it gets cropped).
IMREAD_GRAYSCALE Python: cv.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image (codec internal conversion).
IMREAD_COLOR Python: cv.IMREAD_COLOR	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image.
IMREAD_ANYDEPTH Python: cv.IMREAD_ANYDEPTH	If set, return 16-bit/32-bit image when the input has the corresponding depth, otherwise convert it to 8-bit.
IMREAD_ANYCOLOR Python: cv.IMREAD_ANYCOLOR	If set, the image is read in any possible color format.
IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL Python: cv.IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL	If set, use the gdal driver for loading the image.
IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/2.
IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/2.
IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/4.
IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/4.
IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/8.
IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_8 Python: cv.IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_8	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/8.
IMREAD_IGNORE_ORIENTATION Python: cv.IMREAD_IGNORE_ORIENTATION	If set, do not rotate the image according to EXIF’s orientation flag.

存照片：

Pyhton：retval=cv.imwrite(filename, img[, params])

cv2.imwrite(img_path+'/out/'+file_name+'line_'+str(line_c)+'.png', image)

图片宽高：

h w:image.shape[0],image.shape[1]

图片的crop

示例代码:

    x1 = int(image.shape[1]/5)
    x2 = int(image.shape[1]*4/5)
    y1 = int(image.shape[0]*3/4)
    y2 = int(image.shape[0])
    hight = int((y2 - y1)/2)
    width = x2 - x1
    crop_img= image[y1:y1+hight, x1:x1+width]

颜色转换cvtColor

python: dst=cv.cvtColor(src, code[, dst[, dstCn]])
参数:
ColorConversionCodes
示例代码：
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

raw域颜色转换

  cv::COLOR_BayerBG2RGB = COLOR_BayerRG2BGR, //RGGB
  cv::COLOR_BayerGB2RGB = COLOR_BayerGR2BGR, //GRGB
  cv::COLOR_BayerRG2RGB = COLOR_BayerBG2BGR, //BGGR
  cv::COLOR_BayerGR2RGB = COLOR_BayerGB2BGR, //GBGR

画线

cv2.line(image, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (255, 0, 0), 1)

canny边缘线

edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 5, 15, apertureSize=3) # apertureSize参数默认其实就是3

HoughLinesP直线检测

lines = cv2.HoughLinesP(edges, 3, np.pi / 180, 60, minLineLength=200, maxLineGap=10)
if lines is not None:
    for line in lines:
        x1, y1, x2, y2 = line[0]

Proj

png 贴图

org_img = cv2.imread('org.png') #背景
img_apple = cv2.imread('apple.png') #前景小图

rows, cols = img_apple.shape[:2]
h, w = org_img.shape[:2]
roi_org = org_img[:h, :w]
roi_targ = org_img[500:500+rows, 500:500+cols] #指定区域做融合

# 创建掩膜
img2gray = cv2.imread('apple.png',0)
ret, mask = cv2.threshold(img2gray, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
mask_inv = cv2.bitwise_not(mask)
# 保留除logo外的背景
img1_bg = cv2.bitwise_and(roi_targ, roi_targ, mask=mask_inv) #腐蚀处理
img_out = cv2.add(img1_bg, img_apple)  # 进行融合
#img_out = cv2.add(img,0, img_apple,1, 1)
org_img[500:500+rows, 500:500+cols] = img_out
cv2.imwrite('out.png',org_img)