基于卷积神经网络的猫狗识别

任务要求

1. 按照 https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-with-python-notebooks/blob/master/5.2-using-convnets-with-small-datasets.ipynb, 利用TensorFlow和Keras，自己搭建卷积神经网络完成狗猫数据集的分类实验；将关键步骤用汉语注释出来。解释什么是overfit（过拟合）?什么是数据增强？如果单独只做数据增强，精确率提高了多少？然后再添加的dropout层，是什么实际效果？
2. 用Vgg19网络模型完成狗猫分类，写出实验结果；

猫狗识别

1.准备数据集
从kaggle网站的数据集下载猫狗数据集，解压后如图所示：

在trian文件夹中有许多猫狗的照片：

2.正式进行猫狗识别
图片分类并打印出结果，实现代码如下：

import os, shutil
# The path to the directory where the original
# dataset was uncompressed（原始数据集路径）
original_dataset_dir = 'C:/Users/23226/Desktop/kaggle_Dog&Cat/train/train'

# The directory where we will
# store our smaller dataset（目标存储路径）
base_dir = 'C:/Users/23226/Desktop/kaggle_Dog&Cat/result'
os.mkdir(base_dir)

# Directories for our training,
# validation and test splits
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train')
os.mkdir(train_dir)
validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'validation')
os.mkdir(validation_dir)
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'test')
os.mkdir(test_dir)

# Directory with our training cat pictures
train_cats_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(train_cats_dir)

# Directory with our training dog pictures
train_dogs_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(train_dogs_dir)

# Directory with our validation cat pictures
validation_cats_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(validation_cats_dir)

# Directory with our validation dog pictures
validation_dogs_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(validation_dogs_dir)

# Directory with our validation cat pictures
test_cats_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(test_cats_dir)

# Directory with our validation dog pictures
test_dogs_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(test_dogs_dir)

# Copy first 1000 cat images to train_cats_dir
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(train_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

# Copy next 500 cat images to validation_cats_dir
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000, 1500)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(validation_cats_dir<