1. 如何修改shell提示符?
通过修改4个环境变量PS1,PS2,PS3,PS4实现;
(99条消息) 修改Linux Shell命令提示符_NFTDigger的博客-CSDN博客
2. 如何修改系统默认支持的shell?
Ubuntu默认适合用dash,source命令出现错误。
通过命令 sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash。 然后出现的界面中选择NO。解决。
3. 如何查看哪些用户登录?
命令:w,who,last,finger
(99条消息) Linux下用于查看系统当前登录用户信息的4种方法_渴望自由_看看的博客-CSDN博客_linux 查看当前登录用户
4. 添加删除用户,用户组?
组:
建立 sudo groupadd XXX
删除 sudo groupdel XXX
查看 cat /etc/group
用户:
建立 useradd -m -g <组名> <用户名> // -m 默认目录,-g
passwd <用户名>
删除 userdel -r <username> // -r 循环删除目录
查看 cat /etc/passwd | grep username
5. 查询某个用户是否属于某个组?
groups username
cat /etc/group |grep username
id username
Linux 系统查看用户组 | Server 运维论坛 (learnku.com)
6. 查看删除进程
ps
kill ID
7. XX is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
修改 /etc/sudoers 文件,添加 XX用户到相应行。
8. ubuntu在profile和bashrc中配置环境变量的理解
profile在系统登录后执行,只在登录系统时执行一次,包括针对系统的/etc/profile和针对用户的~/.profile。
ashrc在每次启动bash shell(打开终端或者在终端输入sh)后执行,包括针对系统的/etc/bash.bashrc和针对用户的~/.bashrc(这里注意一下我的ubuntu里是/etc/bash.bashrc,其它系统可能是/etc/bashrc)
ubuntu下关于profile和bashrc中环境变量的理解(转) - lh03061238 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
更好的解释:
To quote from the bash man-page:
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the
file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks
for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads
and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The
--noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this
behavior.
When a login shell exits, bash reads and executes commands from the file
~/.bash_logout, if it exists.
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads
and executes commands from /etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc, if these files
exist. This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. The --rcfile file
option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of
/etc/bash.bashrc and ~/.bashrc.
bash - Where can I find a complete reference for the $PS1 variable? - Ask Ubuntu
9. how to find out which desktop environments you are using?
echo $XDG_CRRENT_DESKTOP
How to Find Out Which Desktop Environment You are Using? (itsfoss.com)
10. 查看linux系统版本号?
11. source的作用?
Source命令是一个内置的shell命令,用于从当前shell会话中的文件读取和执行命令。source命令通常用于保留、更改当前shell中的环境变量。简而言之,source一个脚本,将会在当前shell中运行execute命令。
source
命令可用于:
- 刷新当前的shell环境
- 在当前环境使用source执行Shell脚本
- 从脚本中导入环境中一个Shell函数
- 从另一个Shell脚本中读取变量
Linux中source命令的使用方式 | 《Linux就该这么学》 (linuxprobe.com)
12. linux下载工具
wget下载速度慢,网上有人推荐mwget,github搜到源码安装,make过程中总有报错,试了其它方法未成功,放弃。
又有人推荐aria2,安装后,不如预期,有些文件下载仍如龟速。
妥协的办法:遇到较大而又速度慢的下载场景,在windows下载后,再xftp推到linux服务器上。
13. Username is not in the sudoers file问题How to Fix "Username is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported" in Ubuntu (tecmint.com)Bash Shell PS1: 10 Examples to Make Your Linux Prompt like Angelina Jolie (thegeekstuff.com)https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2008/09/bash-shell-ps1-10-examples-to-make-your-linux-prompt-like-angelina-jolie/
14. 常用shell 风格
Bash Shell PS1: 10 Examples to Make Your Linux Prompt like Angelina Jolie (thegeekstuff.com)