k8s安装部署8 - 磁盘管理

先安装NFS，参考 Centons7安装NFS

原生方式数据挂载

编写配置文件 vi deploy-dir.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-pv-demo
  name: nginx-pv-demo
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pv-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pv-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.99.200
            path: /nfs/data/nginx-pv

#创建文件夹，之后创建index.html，检查pod中对应的文件
mkdir -p /nfs/data/nginx-pv
kubectl apply -f deploy-dir.yaml

cd /nfs/data/nginx-pv
echo "hello" > index.html

kubectl get pods -A
kubectl exec -it nginx-pv-demo-56bd85668f-p9jwj -- /bin/bash
cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
curl http://127.0.0.1
exit

cd ~
kubectl delete -f deploy-dir.yaml

原生方式数据挂载的缺点

1. 需要先手动创建目录
2. pod删除后，目录不会自动删除
3. 磁盘的使用空间没法做限制

---

PV & PVC

PV：持久卷（Persistent Volume），将应用需要持久化的数据保存到指定位置
PVC：持久卷申明（Persistent Volume Claim），申明需要使用的持久卷规格

#nfs主节点
mkdir -p /nfs/data/01
mkdir -p /nfs/data/02
mkdir -p /nfs/data/03

创建PV vi pv.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv01-10m
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10M
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/01
    server: 192.168.99.200
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv02-1gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/02
    server: 192.168.99.200
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv03-3gi
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  storageClassName: nfs
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/03
    server: 192.168.99.200

kubectl apply -f pv.yaml

#查看创建好的PV
kubectl get persistentvolume

#状态都是Available可用的
kubectl get pv

---

PVC创建与绑定

创建PVC vi pvc.yaml

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 200Mi
  storageClassName: nfs

kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

#Bound状态表示已绑定，CLAIM显示是那个PVC使用到了PV，如 default/nginx-pvc 
kubectl get pv

#删除PVC
kubectl delete -f pvc.yaml

#状态变更为Released，Retain策略保留PV中的数据，在Released状态上PV不能重新分配
kubectl get pv

#重新应用，绑定另一个PV
kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml
kubectl get pv
kubectl get pvc

---

创建Pod绑定PVC

Pod绑定PVC vi deploy-pvc.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  name: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-deploy-pvc
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-deploy-pvc
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: html
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
        - name: html
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: nginx-pvc

kubectl apply -f deploy-pvc.yaml
kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pvc,pv

#在PV中增加文件，在Pod中查看文件变更
echo 123456 > /nfs/data/03/index.html
kubectl get pods -A
kubectl exec -it nginx-deploy-pvc-79fc8558c7-n8d8p -- /bin/bash
cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
exit


#安装json格式化工具
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y jq

#查看所有Pod使用到那些pvc
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o=json | jq -c '.items[] | {name: .metadata.name, namespace: .metadata.namespace, claimName:.spec.volumes[] | select( has ("persistentVolumeClaim") ).persistentVolumeClaim.claimName }'