分组查询
/*
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by 后面)
from 表
where 筛选条件
group by 分组的列表
order by 子句
注意:查询列表比较特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置 关键字
分组前筛选: 原始表 group by 子句的前面 where
分组后筛选: 分组后的结果集 group by 子句的后面 having
①分组函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
②能用分组前筛选的,就优先考虑分组前筛选
2、group by支持单个字段分组,支持多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开,没有顺序要求),表达式或函数(用的较少)
3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)
*/
#例:查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary),department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id;
#例:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
job_id;
#例:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT
COUNT(*),location_id
FROM
departments
GROUP BY
location_id;
#例:查询邮箱中包含a字符的每个部门的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary),department_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY
department_id;
#例:查询有将近的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
manager_id;
#添加复杂的筛选条件
#添加分组后的筛选
#例:查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
#①查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT
COUNT(*),department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id;
#②根据①的结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
SELECT
COUNT(*),department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id
HAVING
COUNT(*)>2;
#例:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT
MAX(salary),job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
job_id
HAVING
MAX(salary)>12000;
#例:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT
MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
manager_id>102
GROUP BY
manager_id
HAVING
MIN(salary)>5000;
按表达式或函数分组
#例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的姓名长度
SELECT
COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name)
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING
COUNT(*)>5;
按多个字段分组
#例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT
AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id,job_id;
添加排序
#例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示,department_id不为null,avg>10000的
SELECT
AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
department_id,job_id
HAVING
AVG(salary)>10000
ORDER BY
AVG(salary) DESC;
#例:查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值、最小值、平均值、总和,并按job_id升序排列
SELECT
MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
job_id
ORDER BY
job_id ASC;
#例:查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(difference)
SELECT
MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) difference
FROM
employees;
#例:查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT
MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
manager_id
HAVING
MIN(salary)>6000;
#例:查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按工资平均值降序排列
SELECT
COUNT(*),AVG(salary),department_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
department_id
ORDER BY
AVG(salary) DESC;
#例:选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
SELECT
COUNT(*),job_id
FROM
employees
GROUP BY
job_id;