prometheus之记录规则(recording rules)与告警规则(alerting rule)

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 13:24:04 发布

CN-FuWei

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 13:24:04 发布

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分类专栏： # Prometheus 文章标签： prometheus 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zfw_666666/article/details/133702453

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一、介绍

记录规则允许您预先计算经常需要的或计算成本高昂的表达式，并将其结果保存为一组新的时间序列。查询预计算的结果通常会比每次需要时执行原始表达式快得多。这对于仪表板尤其有用，因为仪表板每次刷新时都需要重复查询同一个表达式。

记录和警报规则存在于规则组中。组中的规则以固定的时间间隔按顺序运行，评估时间相同。记录规则的名称必须是有效的度量值名称。警报规则的名称必须是有效的标签值。

二、语法

一个简单的规则语法如下：

groups:
  - name: example
    rules:
    - record: code:prometheus_http_requests_total:sum
      expr: sum by (code) (prometheus_http_requests_total)

`<rule_group>`

# The name of the group. Must be unique within a file.
name: <string>

# How often rules in the group are evaluated.
[ interval: <duration> | default = global.evaluation_interval ]

# Limit the number of alerts an alerting rule and series a recording
# rule can produce. 0 is no limit.
[ limit: <int> | default = 0 ]

rules:
  [ - <rule> ... ]

`<rule>`

记录规则的语法：

# The name of the time series to output to. Must be a valid metric name.
record: <string>

# The PromQL expression to evaluate. Every evaluation cycle this is
# evaluated at the current time, and the result recorded as a new set of
# time series with the metric name as given by 'record'.
expr: <string>

# Labels to add or overwrite before storing the result.
labels:
  [ <labelname>: <labelvalue> ]

警报规则的语法为：

# The name of the alert. Must be a valid label value.
alert: <string>

# The PromQL expression to evaluate. Every evaluation cycle this is
# evaluated at the current time, and all resultant time series become
# pending/firing alerts.
expr: <string>

# Alerts are considered firing once they have been returned for this long.
# Alerts which have not yet fired for long enough are considered pending.
[ for: <duration> | default = 0s ]

# How long an alert will continue firing after the condition that triggered it
# has cleared.
[ keep_firing_for: <duration> | default = 0s ]

# Labels to add or overwrite for each alert.
labels:
  [ <labelname>: <tmpl_string> ]

# Annotations to add to each alert.
annotations:
  [ <labelname>: <tmpl_string> ]

三、最佳实践

测试集群由kube-prometheus-stack部署监控

3.1 node-exporter-record配置

prometheusrules-node-exporter-record.yaml如下：

#添加以下内容
spec:
  groups:
  - name: node-exporter-record
    rules:
    - expr: up{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:up
      labels:
        desc: "节点是否在线, 在线1,不在线0"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: time() - node_boot_time_seconds{}
      record: node_exporter:node_uptime
      labels:
        desc: "节点的运行时间"
        unit: "s"
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: (1 - avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:total:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu总消耗百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:idle:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu idle百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="iowait"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu iowait百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
  
    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="system"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:system:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu system百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode="user"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:user:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu user百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node-exporter",mode=~"softirq|nice|irq|steal"}[5m])))  * 100
      record: node_exporter:cpu:other:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的cpu 其他的百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:total
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存总量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:free
      labels:
        desc: "节点的剩余内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemFree_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:used
      labels:
        desc: "节点的已使用内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:memory:actualused
      labels:
        desc: "节点用户实际使用的内存量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (1-(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"})))* 100
      record: node_exporter:memory:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存使用百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"})))* 100
      record: node_exporter:memory:free:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的内存剩余百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load1{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load1
      labels:
        desc: "系统1分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load5{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load5
      labels:
        desc: "系统5分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load15{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:load:load15
      labels:
        desc: "系统15分钟负载"
        unit: " "
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter" ,fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:total
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘总量"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:free
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘剩余空间"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
      record: node_exporter:disk:usage:used
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘使用的空间"
        unit: byte
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr:  (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
      record: node_exporter:disk:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘的使用百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m])
      record: node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘读取速率"
        unit: "次/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m])
      record: node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的磁盘写入速率"
        unit: "次/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
      record: node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的设备读取MB速率"
        unit: "MB/s"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: (irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
      record: node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点的设备写入MB速率"
        unit: "MB/s"
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr:   (1 -node_filesystem_files_free{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
      record: node_exporter:filesystem:used:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的inode的剩余可用的百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
    - expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"}
      record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点的文件描述符打开个数"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node-exporter"}/node_filefd_maximum{job="node-exporter"} * 100
      record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent
      labels:
        desc: "节点的文件描述符打开百分比"
        unit: "%"
        job: "node-exporter"
		
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:bit:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒接收的比特数"
        unit: "bit/s"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:bit:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒发送的比特数"
        unit: "bit/s"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡每秒接收的数据包个数"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点网卡发送的数据包个数"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的接收错误包的数量"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
      record: node_exporter:network:netout:error:rate
      labels:
        desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的发送错误包的数量"
        unit: "个/秒"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter", state="established"}
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:established:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点当前established的个数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter", state="time_wait"}
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:timewait:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点timewait的连接数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: sum by (environment,instance) (node_tcp_connection_states{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点tcp连接总数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: node_processes_state{state="Z"}
      record: node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count
      labels:
        desc: "节点当前状态为zoom的个数"
        unit: "个"
        job: "node-exporter"

    - expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node-exporter"})
      record: node_exporter:time:offset
      labels:
        desc: "节点的时间偏差"
        unit: "s"
        job: "node-exporter"
  
    - expr: count by (instance) ( count by (instance,cpu) (node_cpu_seconds_total{ mode='system'}) )
      record: node_exporter:cpu:count

prometheus页面-->status-->rules效果如图：

3.2 node-exporter-alert配置

prometheusrules-node-exporter-alert.yaml如下：

#关于node-exporer-alert.rules
groups:
  - name: node-exporter-alert
    rules:
    - alert: node-exporter-down
      expr: node_exporter:up == 0
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: 'critical'
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 宕机了"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} 关机了， 时间已经1分钟了。"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"



    - alert: node-exporter-cpu-high
      expr:  node_exporter:cpu:total:percent > 80
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} CPU使用率已经持续三分钟高过80% 。"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"

    - alert: node-exporter-cpu-iowait-high
      expr:  node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent >= 12
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} \n- job: {{ $labels.job }} cpu iowait使用率已经持续三分钟高过12%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-load-load1-high
      expr:  (node_exporter:load:load1) > (node_exporter:cpu:count) * 1.2
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} load1 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-memory-high
      expr:  node_exporter:memory:used:percent > 85
      for: 3m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} memory 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:used:percent > 88
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-read:count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate > 3000
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} iops read 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate > 3000
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} iops write 使用率高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"





    - alert: node-exporter-disk-read-mb-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate > 60
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 读取字节数 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
        value: "{{ $value }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-mb-high
      expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate > 60
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 写入字节数 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-filefd-allocated-percent-high
      expr:  node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent > 80
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 打开文件描述符 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-error-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate > 4
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包进入的错误速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"

    - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-packet-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate > 35000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包进入速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-netout-packet-rate-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate > 35000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 包流出速率 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-network-tcp-total-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count > 40000
      for: 1m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} tcp连接数量 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-process-zoom-total-count-high
      expr:  node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count > 10
      for: 10m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 僵死进程数量 高于 {{ $value }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"


    - alert: node-exporter-time-offset-high
      expr:  node_exporter:time:offset > 0.03
      for: 2m
      labels:
        severity: info
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} {{ $labels.desc }}  {{ $value }} {{ $labels.unit }}"
        description: ""
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"