OpenGL入门系列- OpenGL版本历史

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zangle260/article/details/53374360

History of OpenGL

Overview[edit]

OpenGL was first created as an open and reproducable alternative to Iris GL which had been the proprietary graphics API on Silicon Graphics workstations. Although OpenGL was initially similar in some respects to IrisGL the lack of a formal specification and conformance tests made Iris GL unsuitable for broader adoption. Mark Segal and Kurt Akeley authored the OpenGL 1.0 specification which tried to formalize the definition of a useful graphics API and made cross platform non-SGI 3rd party implementation and support viable. One notable omission from version 1.0 of the API was texture objects. IrisGL had definition and bind stages for all sorts of objects including materials, lights, textures and texture environments. OpenGL eschewed these objects in favor of incremental state changes with the idea that collective changes could be encapsulated in display lists. This has remained the philosophy with the exception that texture objects (glBindTexture) with no distinct definition stage are a key part of the API.

OpenGL has been through a number of revisions which have predominantly been incremental additions where extensions to the core API have gradually been incorporated into the main body of the API. For example OpenGL 1.1 added the glBindTexture extension to the core API.

OpenGL 2.0 incorporates the significant addition of the OpenGL Shading Language (also called GLSL), a C like language with which the transformation and fragment shading stages of the pipeline can be programmed.

OpenGL 3.0 adds the concept of deprecation: marking certain features as subject to removal in later versions. GL 3.1 removed most deprecated features, and GL 3.2 created the notion of core and compatibility OpenGL contexts.

Official versions of OpenGL released to date are 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.2.1, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.

Summary of version changes[edit]

This is summary of all changes made in OpenGL specifications through its development. More information about changes may be obtained in OpenGL specification for the version. (In appendix.)

Most functionality added to OpenGL these days is either promoted from one or more extensions, or is provided by a Core Extension. The latter method means that the extension is identical to the core functionality, even in the naming of enumerators and functions. When functionality is promoted from an extension, it can undergo modifications, and the functions/enumerators have their suffix's removed.

OpenGL 4.6 (2017)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
The SPIR-V language can be used to define shaders.	ARB_gl_spirv, ARB_spirv_extensions
Vertex shaders can get the draw ID and base vertex/instance values from rendering commands.	ARB_shader_draw_parameters
Multi-draw indirect rendering commands that can fetch the number of draws from a buffer.	ARB_indirect_parameters
Statistics and transform feedback overflow queries.	ARB_pipeline_statistics_query, ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query
Anisotropic Filtering	ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic
Clamping polygon offsets	ARB_polygon_offset_clamp
OpenGL Contexts can be created that do not report errors of any kind.	KHR_no_error
More operations for Atomic Counters.	ARB_shader_atomic_counter_ops
Avoiding divergent shader invocations, where they are unnecessary.	ARB_shader_group_vote

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OpenGL 4.5 (2014)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Additional clip control modes to configure how clip space is mapped to window space.	ARB_clip_control
Adds a new GLSL gl_CullDistance shader output, similar to gl_ClipDistance, but used for whole primitive culling.	ARB_cull_distance
Compatibility with OpenGL ES 3.1	ARB_ES3_1_compatibility
Adds new modes to glBeginConditionalRender which invert condition used to determine whether to draw or not.	ARB_conditional_render_inverted
Provides control over the spacial granularity at which the underlying implementation computes derivatives.	ARB_derivative_control
Allows modifying and querying object state without binding objects.	ARB_direct_state_access
Adds a new function to get sub-regions of texture images.	ARB_get_texture_sub_image
Upgrades the ARB_robustness functionality to meet ES 3.1 standards.	KHR_robustness
Provides GLSL built-in functions allowing shaders to query the number of samples of a texture.	ARB_shader_texture_image_samples
Relaxes the restrictions on rendering to a currently bound texture and provides a mechanism to avoid read-after-write hazards.	ARB_texture_barrier

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OpenGL 4.4 (2013)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Immutable storage for buffer objects, including the ability to use buffers while they are mapped.	ARB_buffer_storage
Direct clearing of a texture image.	ARB_clear_texture
A number of enhancements to layout qualifiers: Integer layout qualifiers can take any constant expression, not just integer literals. Explicit layout requests for buffer-backed interface blocks. Tight packing of disparate input/output variables. In-shader specification of transform feedback parameters. Locations can be set on input/output interface blocks, for packing purposes.	ARB_enhanced_layouts
Bind an array of objects of the same type to a sequential range of indexed binding targets in one call.	ARB_multi_bind
Values from Query Objects values can be written to a buffer object instead of directly to client memory.	ARB_query_buffer_object
A special clamping mode that doubles the size of the texture in each dimension, mirroring it exactly once in the negative texture coordinate directions.	ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge
One of the stencil-only image formats can be used for textures, and 8-bit stencil is a required format.	ARB_texture_stencil8
Provides a packed, 3-component 11F/11F/10F format for vertex attributes.	ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev

While a number of features made it into core OpenGL, a number of other features were left to specific extensions. These offer certainly functionality that lesser 4.x hardware would be unable to handle.

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OpenGL 4.3 (2012)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Debug messaging	KHR_debug
GLSL multidimensional arrays	ARB_arrays_of_arrays
Clear Buffer Objects to specific values, ala memset	ARB_clear_buffer_object
Arbitrary Compute Shaders	ARB_compute_shader
Arbitrary image copying	ARB_copy_image
Compatibility with OpenGL ES 3.0	ARB_ES3_compatibility
Specifying uniform locations in a shader	ARB_explicit_uniform_location
Layer and viewport indices available from the fragment shader	ARB_fragment_layer_viewport
Rendering to a Framebuffer Object that has no attachments	ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments
Generalized queries for information about Image Formats	ARB_internalformat_query2
Texture, buffer object, and framebuffer invalidation.	ARB_invalidate_subdata
Issuing multiple indirect rendering commands from a single drawing command.	ARB_multi_draw_indirect
Improved API for getting info about program object interfaces	ARB_program_interface_query
Get size of images from GLSL	ARB_shader_image_size
Buffer object read-write access from shader, via a uniform-block style mechanism	ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object
Accessing the stencil values from a depth/stencil texture	ARB_stencil_texturing
Buffer Textures can now be bound to a range of a buffer object rather than the whole thing	ARB_texture_buffer_range
GLSL can detect the available mipmap pyramid of a sampler or image	ARB_texture_query_levels
Immutable storage for multisample textures	ARB_texture_storage_multisample
The ability to create a new texture, with a new internal format, that references an existing texture's storage	ARB_texture_view
Separation of vertex format from buffer object	ARB_vertex_attrib_binding
Addition	Promoted from
More robustness of API	ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior, ARB_robustness_isolation, WGL_ARB_robustness_isolation, GLX_ARB_robustness_isolation
EAC and ETC compressed image formats.

Links:

OpenGL 4.2 (2011)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Allows atomically incrementing/decrementing and fetching of buffer object memory locations from shaders	ARB_shader_atomic_counters
Allows shaders to read and write images, with few but difficult restrictions	ARB_shader_image_load_store
Allows texture objects to have immutable storage, and allocating all mipmap levels and images in one call. The storage becomes immutable, but the contents of the storage are not	ARB_texture_storage
Allows instanced rendering of data written by transform feedback operations	ARB_transform_feedback_instanced
Allows the setting of Uniform Buffer Object and sampler binding points directly from GLSL, among many other small changes	ARB_shading_language_420pack
Allows instanced rendering with a starting instance value.	ARB_base_instance
Allows the user to detect the maximum number of samples possible for a particular image format and texture type	ARB_internalformat_query
Allows for sub-rectangle selection when transferring compressed texture data.	ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage
Allows unpacking 16-bit floats from a 32-bit unsigned integer value in shaders.	ARB_shading_language_packing
Allows querying of the alignment for pointers returned from buffer object mapping operations	ARB_map_buffer_alignment
Allows explicitly defining how a fragment shader will modify the depth value, so that the system can optimize these cases better	ARB_conservative_depth
Addition	Promoted from
Allows the use of BPTC compressed image formats.	ARB_texture_compression_BPTC

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OpenGL 4.1 (2010)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Query and load a binary blob for program objects	ARB_get_program_binary
Ability to bind programs individually to programmable stages	ARB_separate_shader_objects
Pulling missing functionality from OpenGL ES 2.0 into OpenGL	ARB_ES2_compatibility
Documents precision requirements for several FP operations	ARB_shader_precision
Provides 64-bit floating-point component vertex attributes	ARB_vertex_attrib_64_bit
Multiple Viewports for the same rendering surface, or one per surface	ARB_viewport_array

Links:

OpenGL 4.0 (2010)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Shading language 4.00	ARB_texture_query_lod, ARB_gpu_shader5, ARB_gpu_shader_fp64, ARB_shader_subroutine, ARB_texture_gather
Indirect Drawing, without multidraw	ARB_draw_indirect
Request minimum number of fragment inputs	ARB_sample_shading
Tessellation, with shader stages	ARB_tessellation_shader
Buffer Texture formats RGB32F, RGB32I, RGB32UI	ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32
Cubemap Array Texture	ARB_texture_cube_map_array
Transform Feedback objects and multiple feedback stream output.	ARB_transform_feedback2, ARB_transform_feedback3
Addition	Promoted from
Individual blend equations for each color output	ARB_draw_buffers_blend

Links:

OpenGL 3.3 (2010)[edit]

Addition	Core Extension
Shading language 3.30	ARB_shader_bit_encoding
Dual-source blending.	ARB_blend_func_extended
Shader-defined locations for attributes and fragment shader outputs.	ARB_explicit_attrib_location
Simple boolean Occlusion Query	ARB_occlusion_query2
Sampler Objects	ARB_sampler_objects
A new image format for unsigned 10.10.10.2 colors	ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui
Texture swizzle	ARB_texture_swizzle
Timer queries	ARB_timer_query
Instanced arrays	ARB_instanced_arrays
Vertex attributes 2.10.10.10	ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev

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OpenGL 3.2 (2009)[edit]

Core and compatibility profiles
Shading language 1.50

Addition	Core Extension
D3D compatible color vertex component ordering	ARB_vertex_array_bgra
Drawing command allowing modification of the base vertex index	ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex
Shader fragment coordinate convention control	ARB_fragment_coord_conventions
Provoking vertex control	ARB_provoking_vertex
Seamless cube map filtering	ARB_seamless_cube_map
Multisampled textures and texture samplers for specific sample locations	ARB_texture_multisample
Fragment Depth Clamping	ARB_depth_clamp
Fence sync objects	ARB_sync
Addition	Promoted from
Geometry Shaders, as well as input/output Interface Blocks	ARB_geometry_shader4, heavily modified.

Links:

OpenGL 3.1 (2009)[edit]

All features deprecated in OpenGL 3.0 are removed except wide lines
Shading language 1.40
SNORM texture component formats

Addition	Core Extension
Uniform Buffer Objects	ARB_uniform_buffer_object
Addition	Promoted from
Instanced rendering with a per instance counter accessible to vertex shaders	ARB_draw_instanced
Data copying between buffer objects	ARB_copy_buffer
Primitive restart	NV_primitive_restart
Buffer Textures	ARB_texture_buffer_object
Rectangle Textures	ARB_texture_rectangle

Links:

OpenGL 3.0 (2008)[edit]

New context creation mechanism
Full and forward compatible context
Profiles
Mapping buffer subranges into client space
Single- and double-channel (R and RG) internal formats for textures and renderbuffers

Addition	Core Extension
Framebuffer Objects, along with blitting, Multisample Renderbuffer Objects, and packed depth/stencil image formats	ARB_framebuffer_object
Vertex Array Objects	ARB_vertex_array_object
Addition	Promoted from
Conditional Rendering	NV_conditional_render
Floating-point color and depth internal formats for textures and render buffers	ARB_color_buffer_float, NV_depth_buffer_float, ARB_texture_float, EXT_packed_float, EXT_texture_shared_exponent
Half-float (16-bit) vertex array and pixel data formats	NV_half_float, EXT_half_float_pixel
Integral Image Formats, which can be fetched as integers rather than being converted to normalized floats.	EXT_texture_integer
Array Textures	EXT_texture_array
Per-color-attachment blend enables and color writemasks	EXT_draw_buffers2
Red Green Texture Compression	EXT_texture_compression_rgtc
Transform Feedback	ARB_transform_feedback
sRGB framebuffer mode	EXT_framebuffer_sRGB

Deprecation Model[edit]

OpenGL 3 specification marks many features as deprecated, which will be removed in next versions. This features include:

Application-generated object names
Color index mode
Shading language 1.10 and 1.20
Begin/End primitive specification
Edge flags
Fixed function vertex processing
Client-side vertex arrays
Rectangles
Current raster position
Two-sided color selection
Non-sprite points
Wide lines and line stripple
Quadrilateral and polygon primitives
Separate polygon draw mode
Polygon stripple
Pixel transfer modes and operations
Pixel drawing
Bitmaps
Legacy OpenGL 1.0 pixel formats
Legacy pixel formats
Depth texture mode
Texture wrap mode CLAMP
Texture borders
Automatic mipmap generation
Fixed function fragment processing
Alpha test
Accumulation buffers
Context framebuffer size queries
Evaluators
Selection and feedback mode
Display lists
Hints
Attribute stacks
Unified extension string

Links:

OpenGL 2.1 (2006)[edit]

Core features:

Addition	Promoted from
Pixel buffer objects	ARB_pixel_buffer_object
sRGB textures	EXT_texture_sRGB

Shading language 1.20:

Non-square matrices in GLSL.

Links:

OpenGL 2.0 (2004)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Shader objects	ARB_shader_objects, heavily modified
Shader programs	ARB_vertex_shader, ARB_fragment_shader, heavily modified
Shading language 1.10	ARB_shading_language_100, heavily modified
Multiple render targets	ARB_draw_buffers
Non-power-of-two textures	ARB_texture_non_power_of_two
Point sprites	ARB_point_sprite
Separate stencil	ATI_separate_stencil, EXT_stencil_two_side

Links:

OpenGL 1.5 (2003)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Buffer objects	ARB_vertex_buffer_object
Occlusion query	ARB_occlusion_query
Shadow functions	EXT_shadow_funcs

Links:

OpenGL 1.5 Specification

OpenGL 1.4 (2002)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Automatic mipmap generation	SGIS_generate_mipmap
Blend squaring	NV_blend_square
Depth textures and shadows	ARB_depth_texture, ARB_shadow
Fog coordinate	EXT_fog_coord
Multiple draw arrays	EXT_multi_draw_arrays
Point parameters	ARB_point_parameters
Secondary color	EXT_secondary_color
Separate blend functions	EXT_blend_func_separate
Stencil wrap	EXT_stencil_wrap
Texture crossbar env mode	ARB_texture_env_crossbar
Texture LOD bias	EXT_texture_lod_bias
Texture mirrored repeat	ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat
Window raster position	ARB_window_pos

Links:

OpenGL 1.4 Specification

OpenGL 1.3 (2001)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Compressed textures	ARB_texture_compression
Cube map textures	ARB_texture_cube_map
Multisample	ARB_multisample
Multitexture	ARB_multitexture
Texture add env mode	ARB_texture_env_add
Texture combine env mode	ARB_texture_env_combine
Texture dot3 env mode	ARB_texture_env_dot3
Texture border clamp	ARB_texture_border_clamp
Transpose matrix	ARB_transpose_matrix

Links:

OpenGL 1.3 Specification

OpenGL 1.2.1 (1998)[edit]

This version defines ARB extensions concept. ARB extensions are not required to be supported by a conformant OpenGL implementation, but are expected to be widely available; they define functionality that is likely to move into the required feature set in a future revision of the specification.

GL implementations of such later revisions should continue to export the name strings of promoted extensions in the EXTENSIONS string, and continue to support the ARB-affixed versions of functions and enumerants as a transition aid.

OpenGL 1.2 (1998)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
3D textures	EXT_texture3D
BGRA pixel formats	EXT_bgra
Packed pixel formats	EXT_packed_pixels
Normal rescaling	EXT_rescale_normal
Separate specular color	EXT_separate_specular_color
Texture coordinate edge clamping	SGIS_texture_edge_clamp
Texture LOD control	SGIS_texture_lod
Vertex array draw element range	EXT_draw_range_elements

Imaging subset (optional)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Color Tables	SGI_color_table, EXT_color_subtable
Convolution	EXT_convolution, HP_convolution_border_modes, SUN_convolution_border_modes
Color matrix	SGI_color_matrix
Pixel data statistics	EXT_histogram
Constant blend color	EXT_blend_color
New blending equations	EXT_blend_minmax, EXT_blend_subtract

Links:

OpenGL 1.2.1 Specification

OpenGL 1.1 (1997)[edit]

Addition	Promoted from
Vertex arrays	EXT_vertex_array
Polygon offset	EXT_polygon_offset
Logical operation	EXT_blend_logic_op
Internal texture formats	EXT_texture
GL_REPLACE texture env	EXT_texture
Texture proxy	EXT_texture
Copy texture and subtexture	EXT_copy_texture, EXT_subtexture
Texture objects	EXT_texture_object