Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
docker images 查看主机上的所有镜像
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSTTORY 镜像仓库
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a,--all #列出所有的镜像
-q,--quirt #只显示镜像的id
docker search搜索镜像
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12402 [OK]
#可选项
--filter 通过指定条件过滤镜像
例如
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出Stars大于3000的
#执行命令后
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=2000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12402 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4778 [OK]
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12402 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag。就默认是 lastest 最新的版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#指定版本下载
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
#通过id删除指定的镜像
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id
#通过id删除多个镜像
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
#删除所有的镜像
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
容器命令
说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，以下下载centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name-"name" #容器名字
-d #后台方式运行
-i -t #两个都是使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口 如：-p 8080:8080
# 四种使用方式
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口（大写的P）
#测试，启动centos容器
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@c031e737c170 /]# ls
# 退出容器
[root@c031e737c170 /]# exit
exit
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps命令
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c031e737c170 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago mystifying_torvalds
0240a83bdb27 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 32 hours ago Exited (0) 32 hours ago agitated_jackson
# 常用参数
不加参数 #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #列出最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
退出容器
exit #直接停止容器并退出
Ctrl+p+q #容器不停止退出
#如果是后台运行则直接exit不会停止容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #可以删除正在运行的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker run -d centos
822885b36d267810af52461303cb46a70d882d9988bad2ec39093b84a14c3ca1
# 问题
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 发现centos停止了
#分析：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须又要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail num 容器id
-t #显示时间戳
-f #跟踪日志的输出
--tail num #显示num条日志
#自己写一个shell脚本来测试日志
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo zgx;sleep 1;done"
14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74
#查看运行中的容器
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14d8b24775c8 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds stupefied_borg
#查看容器的日志
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 14d8b24775c8
2022-04-15T02:47:45.407116573Z zgx
2022-04-15T02:47:46.409379625Z zgx
查看容器的进程消息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker top 14d8b24775c8
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 23155 23134 0 10:47 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo zgx;sleep 1;done
root 23858 23155 0 10:52 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect 容器id
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14d8b24775c8 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes stupefied_borg
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker inspect 14d8b24775c8
[
{
"Id": "14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74",
"Created": "2022-04-15T02:47:12.038768052Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo zgx;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 23155,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-04-15T02:47:12.334849412Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74/14d8b24775c857eedf1d7fbab64920ee3764a7f84c404c4637c22fa1cacd7b74-json.log",
"Name": "/stupefied_borg",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae1b25d7d574fc1edc40f51f28f0b4ed042e205f4bfcbda6a8d7dc6cc85a33e6-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1ee855438b280aecac101c64f37655f3daaab47d3f17fca926cfb84ab05eb2c5/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae1b25d7d574fc1edc40f51f28f0b4ed042e205f4bfcbda6a8d7dc6cc85a33e6/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae1b25d7d574fc1edc40f51f28f0b4ed042e205f4bfcbda6a8d7dc6cc85a33e6/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae1b25d7d574fc1edc40f51f28f0b4ed042e205f4bfcbda6a8d7dc6cc85a33e6/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "14d8b24775c8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo zgx;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "368f2cc591314a9c8be07e9bba8e931c5130fa8836877d66a2bde2dbb6ad653d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/368f2cc59131",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "48ffa2b82a108a6468585a963c9947128b6453fc629ddb11c2a6edf71dac70de",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "3df5e413461342184dab18e16c8ca2f23dfc562e524794c3c438a84f21850edc",
"EndpointID": "48ffa2b82a108a6468585a963c9947128b6453fc629ddb11c2a6edf71dac70de",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常都是时使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
#方式一：命令 docker exec -it 容器id
#测试
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker exec -it 14d8b24775c8 /bin/bash
[root@14d8b24775c8 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:47 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo zgx;sleep 1;done
root 923 0 0 03:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 967 0 0 03:02 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 983 1 0 03:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 984 967 0 03:03 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程!
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内的路径 目的主机的路径
#1、进入正在运行的容器
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker exec -it 14d8b24775c8 /bin/bash
[root@14d8b24775c8 /]# cd /home
#2、在home路径下创建一个测试文件 test.java
[root@14d8b24775c8 home]# touch test.java
[root@14d8b24775c8 home]# ls
test.java
[root@14d8b24775c8 home]# exit
exit
#3、回到主机，执行docker cp 命令拷贝文件
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# docker cp 14d8b24775c8:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ ~]# cd /home
[root@iZbp1cobq68xtff4clzo6uZ home]# ls
admin test.java
小结
attach Attach to a running container #当前she11下attach连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container changes#提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器，同run,但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器变化
events Get real time events from the server #从：docker服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in.an existing container #在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive#导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history Show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images #列出系统当前镜像
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarbal1#从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
info Display system-wide information #显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container #查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container #ki11指定docker容器
load Load an image from a tar archive #从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server #注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry server #从当前Docker registry退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container #输出当前容器日志信息
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端
▣
pause Pause all processes within a container #暂停容器
ps List containers #列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server #从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker:源服务器
restart Restart a running container #重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers #移除一个或者多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images #移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删刷除，否则需删除相关容
器才可继续或-f强制删除]
run Run a command in a.new container #创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image to a tar archive #保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应1oad]
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub #在docker hub中搜索镜像
start Start a stopped containers #启动容器
stop Stop a running containers #停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository #给源中镜像打标签
top Lookup the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause a paused container #取消暂停容器
version Show the docker version information #查看docker版本号
wait Block until a container stops,then print its exit code #截取容器停止时的退出状态值
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