mongodb

基本概念
    数据库（database)
    集合(collecetion)
    文档(document)
        在MongoDb中无需创建数据库，会在第一次插入文档时出现


基本指令
    #显示所有数据库
    show dbs
    show databases
    #使用数据库
    use 数据库名
    
    db  #显示当前所使用的数据库
    show collections  #显示数据库的所有集合

    #数据库的CRUD操作(https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/crud/)
    
#插入数据
    db.<collection>.insertOne()
    eg:db.inventory.insertOne(   { item: "canvas", qty: 100, tags: ["cotton"], size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } })

    db.inventory.insertMany([
       { item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } },
       { item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } },
       { item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" } }
    ])

#查询数据

    db.<collection>.find()  #查询指定集合的所有文档
    eg:db.inventory.find()
    
    db.<collection>.find({item:"canvas"})  #查询指定集合的所有文档

    db.inventory.find( { status: { $in: [ "A", "D" ] } } )
    --> SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status in ("A", "D")
    
    db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } )
    -->SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" AND qty < 30

    db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } )
    -->SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" OR qty < 30

    db.inventory.find( {status: "A", $or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ]} )
    -->SELECT * FROM inventory WHERE status = "A" AND ( qty < 30 OR item LIKE "p%")