CentOS7.6 安装python 3.8.5 并升级 pip3 至 20.2.3操作

1.安装之前先更新yum源

yum update

2.下载安装包

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tgz

3.解压包

tar -xvf Python-3.8.5.tgz

4.编译安装

cd Python-3.8.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

make

make install

5.建立软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

6.升级pip

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

 

编译问题：

1.在make install 过程中出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'zlib'

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 520, in _get_decompress_func
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'zlib'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 568, in _get_data
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 523, in _get_decompress_func
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 210, in _main
    return _bootstrap(
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 129, in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip(args + [p[0] for p in _PROJECTS], additional_paths)
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 32, in _run_pip
    runpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/runpy.py", line 203, in run_module
    mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name)
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/runpy.py", line 144, in _get_module_details
    return _get_module_details(pkg_main_name, error)
  File "/root/Python-3.8.5/Lib/runpy.py", line 111, in _get_module_details
    __import__(pkg_name)
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 241, in load_module
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 709, in _get_module_code
  File "<frozen zipimport>", line 570, in _get_data
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1

解决：是由于zlib没有安装，yum install zlib zlib-devel -y 后解决此问题。

2.升级pip遇到ssh版本低问题

WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pip/
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/pip/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.8/site-packages (20.1.1)
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

解决：

下载 wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz

编译 tar -xvf openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz && cd openssl-1.1.1g && ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl && make && make install

mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl_bak

mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl_bak

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

ldconfig -v

重新编译python3.8.5

3. yum 时出现“except KeyboardInterrupt, e:” 问题

  File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30
    except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
                            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

解决：是由于python升级成python3后去掉了原来链接，/usr/bin/yum中使用的是python2.7，恢复原来链接ln -sf /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python 将python3重新使用新链接ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3。