Android热更新原理记录

首先，想要了解热更新需要明白android加载机制，此处我画了一个图来说明该机制。详细如下：

Android类加载机制
java在运行时加载对应的类是通过ClassLoader实现的，ClassLoader是一个抽象类，在Android中使用PathClassLoader类作为Android默认的类加载器。
PathClassLoader继承自BaseDexClassLoader类，而BaseDexClassLoader类重写了父类ClassLoader类的findClass()方法，该方法是一个关键点；通过查看源码得知，findClass()方法的实现由pathList.findClass()方法来完成。在该方法中，通过遍历dexElements列表等一系列操作实现类的加载。
pathList对象的由来：在BaseDexClassLoader类的构造方法中通过new产生，类型是DexPathList类。
dexElements对象的由来：在DexPathList类的构造方法中产生，类型是Element。
热更新实现原理
由上得知，如果一个类被成功加载，那么它的dex一定会出现在dexElements所对应的dex文件中，至此，所要做的就是让我们修改后的类先被加载，即让hotpacth dex文件出现在dexElements列表的前面。要实现热更新，就需要我们在运行时去更改PathClassLoader.pathList.dexElements，由于这些属性都是private的，因此需要通过反射来修改。另外，构造我们自己的dex文件所对应的dexElements数组的时候，我们也可以采取一个比较取巧的方式，就是通过构造一个DexClassLoader对象来加载我们的dex文件，并且调用一次dexClassLoader.loadClass(dummyClassName); 方法，这样，dexClassLoader.pathList.dexElements中，就会包含我们的dex，通过把dexClassLoader.pathList.dexElements插入到系统默认的classLoader.pathList.dexElements列表前面，就可以让系统优先加载我们的dex中的类，从而可以实现热更新了。
实现的工具类 DexLoaderUtil.java;

public class DexLoaderUtil {
    private static final String TAG = "DexLoaderUtil";
    public static String SECONDARY_DEX_NAME = "lib.apk";  //默认值
    public static String THIRD_DEX_NAME = "lib2.apk";     //默认值
    private static final int BUF_SIZE = 8 * 1024;
    private static String packageName = "com.example.MyClass";  //默认值
    //设置要修复apk的名字
    public static void setSecondDexName(String arg1){
        SECONDARY_DEX_NAME = arg1;
    }
    //设置要修复apk的名字
    public static void setThirdDexName(String arg1){
        THIRD_DEX_NAME = arg1;
    }
    public static void setPackageName(String arg1){
        packageName = arg1;
    }
    public static String getDexPath(Context context, String dexName) {
        return new File(context.getDir("dex", Context.MODE_PRIVATE), dexName).getAbsolutePath();
    }
    public static String getOptimizedDexPath(Context context) {
        return context.getDir("outdex", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).getAbsolutePath();
    }
    //将apk内容复制到缓存
    public static void copyDex(Context context, String dexName) {
        File dexInternalStoragePath = new File(context.getDir("dex", Context.MODE_PRIVATE),
                dexName);
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        OutputStream dexWriter = null;

        try {
//            bis = new BufferedInputStream(context.getAssets().open(dexName));
            //此处要将原始安装包和差分包放在root/Download路径下，否则会报错
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/Download/" + dexName));
            dexWriter = new BufferedOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream(dexInternalStoragePath));
            byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE];
            int len;
            while((len = bis.read(buf, 0, BUF_SIZE)) > 0) {
                dexWriter.write(buf, 0, len);
            }
            dexWriter.close();
            bis.close();

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void loadAndCall(Context context, String dexName) {
        final File dexInternalStoragePath = new File(context.getDir("dex", Context.MODE_PRIVATE), dexName);
        final File optimizedDexOutputPath = context.getDir("outdex", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);

        DexClassLoader cl = new DexClassLoader(dexInternalStoragePath.getAbsolutePath(),
                optimizedDexOutputPath.getAbsolutePath(),
                null,
                context.getClassLoader());
        call(cl);
    }
    public static void call(ClassLoader cl) {
        Class myClasz = null;
        try {
            myClasz =
                    cl.loadClass(packageName);
            Object instance = myClasz.getConstructor().newInstance();
            myClasz.getDeclaredMethod("test1").invoke(instance);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //将差分包内容插入原dexElements之前
    public static synchronized Boolean injectAboveEqualApiLevel14(
            String dexPath, String defaultDexOptPath, String nativeLibPath, String dummyClassName) {
        Log.i(TAG, "--> injectAboveEqualApiLevel14");
        PathClassLoader pathClassLoader = (PathClassLoader) DexLoaderUtil.class.getClassLoader();
        DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexPath, defaultDexOptPath, nativeLibPath, pathClassLoader);
        try {
            dexClassLoader.loadClass(dummyClassName);
            Object dexElements = combineArray(
                    getDexElements(getPathList(pathClassLoader)),
                    getDexElements(getPathList(dexClassLoader)));

            Object pathList = getPathList(pathClassLoader);
            setField(pathList, pathList.getClass(), "dexElements", dexElements);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
        Log.i(TAG, "<-- injectAboveEqualApiLevel14 End.");
        return true;
    }
    private static Object getPathList(Object baseDexClassLoader)
            throws IllegalArgumentException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
        return getField(baseDexClassLoader, Class.forName("dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader"), "pathList");
    }
    private static Object getDexElements(Object paramObject)
            throws IllegalArgumentException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        return getField(paramObject, paramObject.getClass(), "dexElements");
    }
    private static Object getField(Object obj, Class<?> cl, String field)
            throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field localField = cl.getDeclaredField(field);
        localField.setAccessible(true);
        return localField.get(obj);
    }
    private static void setField(Object obj, Class<?> cl, String field, Object value)
            throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field localField = cl.getDeclaredField(field);
        localField.setAccessible(true);
        localField.set(obj, value);
    }
    private static Object combineArray(Object arrayLhs, Object arrayRhs) {
        Class<?> localClass = arrayLhs.getClass().getComponentType();
        int i = Array.getLength(arrayLhs);
        int j = i + Array.getLength(arrayRhs);
        Object result = Array.newInstance(localClass, j);
        for (int k = 0; k < j; ++k) {
            if (k < i) {
                Array.set(result, k, Array.get(arrayLhs, k));
            } else {
                Array.set(result, k, Array.get(arrayRhs, k - i));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

使用方式，在MainActivity中实现如下：

new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Log.d(TAG, "------------start");
                DexLoaderUtil.copyDex(MainActivity.this, DexLoaderUtil.SECONDARY_DEX_NAME);
                DexLoaderUtil.copyDex(MainActivity.this, DexLoaderUtil.THIRD_DEX_NAME);
                String secondDexPath = DexLoaderUtil.getDexPath(MainActivity.this, DexLoaderUtil.SECONDARY_DEX_NAME);
                String thirdDexPath = DexLoaderUtil.getDexPath(MainActivity.this, DexLoaderUtil.THIRD_DEX_NAME);
                final String optimizedDexOutputPath = DexLoaderUtil.getOptimizedDexPath(MainActivity.this);
                DexLoaderUtil.injectAboveEqualApiLevel14(thirdDexPath, optimizedDexOutputPath, null, "com.example.MyClass");
                DexLoaderUtil.injectAboveEqualApiLevel14(secondDexPath, optimizedDexOutputPath, null, "com.example.MyClass");
                DexLoaderUtil.call(getClassLoader());
                Log.d(TAG, "------------end");
            }
        }).start();

说明：该文章只是单纯记录本人对热更新的理解，方便日后复习和使用，全文借鉴大头鬼老师的博客，在此非常感谢大头鬼老师。
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