认识Spring框架

1.Spring定义

轻量级框架, Java EE的春天,当前主流框架

2.Spring特性

1.IOC    (控制反转,DI:依赖注入)
2.AOP实现 (面向切面编程)

3.Spring理念

面向Bean的编程

4.Spring优势

低侵入式设计
独立于各种应用服务器
依赖注入特性将组件关系透明化,降低了耦合度
面向切面编程特性允许将通用任务进行集中式处理
与第三方框架的良好整合

5.IOC特性

A.非IOC思想

(1)创建maven工程,java,resources,test,并配置路径参数

(2)UserService

public interface UserService {
    public void print();
}

(3)UserServiceImpl

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("输出****HelloWorld*********");
    }
}

(4)Test001

@Test
    public void testPrint(){
        UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        userService.print();
    }

B.IOC思想

(1)pom

 <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

(2)spring配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--申明bean对象-->
    <!--id:对象的自定义名称,唯一值,spring通过这个名称找到对象-->
    <!--class:类的全路径名称-->
    <bean id="userService" class="cn.kgc.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>

</beans>

(3)Test001

@Test
    public void testSpringPrint(){
        String conf = "beans.xml";
        //创建Spring容器对象(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:加载配置文件)
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        //从容器中获取对象
        UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");
        //测试
        userService.print();
    }

6.DI注入(IOC的实现)

(1)set注入

1.1-属性赋值

A.实体类User

package cn.kgc.entity;

public class User   {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        System.out.println("调用方法setId......");
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        System.out.println("调用方法setName......");
        this.name = name;
    }
}

B.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--声明对象-->
    <bean id="user" class="cn.kgc.entity.User">
        <property name="id" value="11"/>    ---->相当于启用命令调用setId()方法
        <property name="name" value="zs"/>  ---->相当于启用命令调用setName()方法
    </bean>
</beans>

C.Test001

 @Test
    public void testSpringPrintUser(){
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        //创建Spring容器对象(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:加载配置文件)
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        //从容器中获取对象
        User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
        //测试
        System.out.println("编码:"+user.getId()+"名称:"+user.getName());
    }

1.2引用类型手工注入(ref方式)

A.User

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class User   {
     private Integer id;
     private String name;

     private Role role;

    public Role getRole() {
        return role;
    }

    public void setRole(Role role) {
        this.role = role;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

B.Role

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class Role {

    private Integer rid;

    private String rName;

    public Integer getRid() {
        return rid;
    }

    public void setRid(Integer rid) {
        this.rid = rid;
    }

    public String getrName() {
        return rName;
    }

    public void setrName(String rName) {
        this.rName = rName;
    }
}

C.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--声明对象-->
    <bean id="user" class="cn.kgc.entity.User">
        <property name="id" value="11"/>
        <property name="name" value="zs"/>
        <property name="role" ref="myRole"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="myRole" class="cn.kgc.entity.Role">
        <property name="rid" value="666"/>
        <property name="rName" value="777"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

D.Test001

@Test
    public void testSpringPrintUser(){
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        //创建Spring容器对象(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:加载配置文件)
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        //从容器中获取对象
        User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
        System.out.println("user名称:"+user.getRole().getrName());
   }

1.3引用类型自动注入

(1)byName

A.User

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class User   {
     private Integer id;
     private String name;

     private Role role;

    /**
     * byName(按名称注入):
     * java类中引用类型的属性名和spring容器中(配置文件)<bean>的id名称一样,且
     * 数据类型是一致的,这样的容器中的bean,spring能够赋值给引用类型
     */
    public Role getRole() {
        return role;
    }

    public void setRole(Role role) {
        this.role = role;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

B.Role

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class Role {

    private Integer rid;

    private String rName;

    public Integer getRid() {
        return rid;
    }

    public void setRid(Integer rid) {
        this.rid = rid;
    }

    public String getrName() {
        return rName;
    }

    public void setrName(String rName) {
        this.rName = rName;
    }
}

C.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--声明对象-->
    <bean id="user" class="cn.kgc.entity.User" autowire="byName">
        <property name="id" value="11"/>
        <property name="name" value="zs"/>
        <!--<property name="role" ref="myRole"/>-->
    </bean>

    <bean id="role" class="cn.kgc.entity.Role">
        <property name="rid" value="666"/>
        <property name="rName" value="777"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

D.Test001

 @Test
    public void testSpringPrintUser(){
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        //创建Spring容器对象(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:加载配置文件)
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        //从容器中获取对象
        User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
        System.out.println("Role名称:"+user.getRole().getrName());
      }

(2)byType

第一种同源(一致性)

A.User

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class User   {
     private Integer id;
     private String name;

     private Role role;


    /**
     *byType(按类型注入):java类中引用类型的数据类型和spring容器中(配置文件)<bean>的class属性
     * 是同源关系的,这样的bean能够赋值给引用类型
     *
     * 同源就是一类型的意思:
     * 例如:第一种同源.java引用类型的数据类型和bean的class的值是一样的
     *      第二种同源.java引用类型的数据类型和bean的class的值是父子类间的关系
     *      第三种同源.java引用类型的数据类型和bean的class的值是接口和实现类的关系
     */
    public Role getRole() {
        return role;
    }

    public void setRole(Role role) {
        this.role = role;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

B.Role

package cn.kgc.entity;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class Role {

    private Integer rid;

    private String rName;

    public Integer getRid() {
        return rid;
    }

    public void setRid(Integer rid) {
        this.rid = rid;
    }

    public String getrName() {
        return rName;
    }

    public void setrName(String rName) {
        this.rName = rName;
    }
}

C.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--声明对象-->
    <bean id="user" class="cn.kgc.entity.User" autowire="byType">
        <property name="id" value="33333"/>
        <property name="name" value="555555"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="role3" class="cn.kgc.entity.Role">
        <property name="rid" value="666"/>
        <property name="rName" value="777"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

D.Test001

@Test
    public void testSpringPrintUser(){
        String conf = "applicationContext.xml";
        //创建Spring容器对象(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:加载配置文件)
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        //从容器中获取对象
        User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
        System.out.println("Role名称:"+user.getRole().getrName());
      }

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