注解 反射

反射会使性能变慢 

 使用反射读取注解的信息,模拟处理注解的过程

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * 使用反射读取注解的信息,模拟处理注解的过程
 */
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class aClass=Class.forName("com.annotation.Student");
        //获取类的所有有效注解
        Annotation[]  annntations=aClass.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation a:annntations
             ) {
            System.out.println(a);
        }
        //获取指定的注解
        Table table=(Table)aClass.getAnnotation(Table.class);
        System.out.println(table.value());
        //获取类的属性注解
        Field field=aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
        TableField tableField=field.getAnnotation(TableField.class);
        System.out.printf(tableField.columnName()+" --"+tableField.type()+"--"+tableField.length());

    }

}

package com.annotation;
@Table(value = "tb_student")
public class Student {
    @TableField(columnName = "id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @TableField(columnName = "name",type = "varchar",length = 10)
    private String name;
    @TableField(columnName = "age",type = "int",length = 3)
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

package com.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Table {
    String value();
}

package com.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TableField {
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}
通过反射API调用构造方法、构造对象
通过API调用普通方法
通过反射API操作属性
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 *通过反射API调用构造方法、构造对象
 * 通过API调用普通方法
 * 通过反射API操作属性
 */
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String path="com.annotation.Student";
        Class aClass;

        {
            try {
                aClass = Class.forName(path);
                //通过反射API调用构造方法、构造对象
                Student student=(Student)aClass.newInstance();//调用无参构造方法
                System.out.println(student);
                Constructor<Student> c=aClass.getConstructor(int.class,String.class,int.class);
                Student student1=c.newInstance(1001,"zhang",21);
                System.out.println(student1.getName());
                //通过API调用普通方法
                Student student2=(Student)aClass.newInstance();
                Method method=aClass.getMethod("setName",String.class);
                method.invoke(student2,"zhang2");
                System.out.println(student2.getName());
                //通过反射API操作属性
                Student student3=(Student)aClass.newInstance();
                Field field=aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
                field.setAccessible(true);//调用private属性
                field.set(student3,"zhang3");
                System.out.println(student3.getName());
                System.out.println(field.get(student3));//通过反射直接读取

            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

setAccessible

为true时,禁止访问检查,使反射效率大大提高

反射调用效率低,将setAccessible设为true使效率相对提高

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test {
    public void start(){
        Student student=new Student();
        long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(long i=0;i<1000000000L;i++){
            student.getName();
        }
        long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗时:"+(endTime-startTime));
    }
    public void start2() throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
        Student student2=new Student();
        Class c=student2.getClass();
        Method method=c.getMethod("getName",null);
        long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(long i=0;i<1000000000L;i++){
            method.invoke(student2,null);
        }
        long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗时:"+(endTime-startTime));
    }
    public void start3() throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        Student student3=new Student();
        Class c=student3.getClass();

        Method method=c.getMethod("getName",null);
        method.setAccessible(true);//不执行安全检查
        long startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(long i=0;i<1000000000L;i++){
            method.invoke(student3,null);
        }
        long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗时:"+(endTime-startTime));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        Test t=new Test();
            t.start();
            t.start2();
            t.start3();
    }
}

反射操作泛型

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.*;
public class Demo04 {
    public void test01(Map<String,String> map, List<Student> list){

    }
    public List<Student> test02(){
        return new ArrayList<>();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method m=Demo04.class.getDeclaredMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
        Type[] types=m.getGenericParameterTypes();
        for (Type t:types
             ) {
            System.out.println("*"+t);
            if(t instanceof ParameterizedType){
                Type[] generictypes=((ParameterizedType)t).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type t2:generictypes
                     ) {
                    System.out.println(t2);
                }
            }
        }
        Method m2=Demo04.class.getMethod("test02",null);
        Type types1=m2.getGenericReturnType();
        System.out.println("*"+types1);
        if(types1 instanceof ParameterizedType){
            Type[] types2=((ParameterizedType)types1).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type temp:types2
                 ) {
                System.out.println(temp);
            }
        }
    }
}

 

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