下面是一个负责发送账户激活的邮件模块,基于Spring Framework。
1.首先是模块的POM
//pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account</groupId>
<artifactId>account-email</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Account Email</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.icegreen</groupId>
<artifactId>greenmail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里简单说一下依赖部分。Spring之后是一个依赖为javax.mail:mail:1.4,这是实现发送邮件的类库。然后是junit:junit:4.12,Junit是Java社区事实上的单元测试标准,这里的scope元素为test,表示该依赖只被加入到测试代码的classpath中。随后的一来是com.icegreen:greenmail:1.4.1,其依赖范围同样为test,它是开源的邮件服务测试套件。
2.主代码部分
account-email只有一个简单的接口
//AccountEmailService.java
package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email;
public interface AccountEmailService
{
//根据接收地址,邮件主题,邮件内容发送html格式的邮件
void sendMail( String to, String subject, String htmlText )
throws AccountEmailException;
}
这里的sendMail()方法用来发送html格式的邮件,to为接收地址,subject为邮件主题,htmlText为邮件内容。如果出错则抛出AccountEmailException异常。该异常定义如下
//AccountEmailException.java
package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email;
public class AccountEmailException
extends Exception
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4817386460334501672L;
public AccountEmailException( String message )
{
super( message );
}
public AccountEmailException( String message, Throwable throwable )
{
super( message, throwable );
}
}
然后是AccountEmailService的实现:
//AccountEmailServiceImpl.java
package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
public class AccountEmailServiceImpl
implements AccountEmailService
{
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
private String systemEmail;
public void sendMail( String to, String subject, String htmlText )
throws AccountEmailException
{
try
{
MimeMessage msg = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper msgHelper = new MimeMessageHelper( msg );
msgHelper.setFrom( systemEmail ); //设置发送地址
msgHelper.setTo( to ); //设置收件地址
msgHelper.setSubject( subject ); //设置主题
msgHelper.setText( htmlText, true ); //设置邮件内容为html格式
javaMailSender.send( msg ); //使用JavaMailSender发送邮件
}
catch ( MessagingException e )
{
throw new AccountEmailException( "Faild to send mail.", e );
}
}
public JavaMailSender getJavaMailSender()
{
return javaMailSender;
}
public void setJavaMailSender( JavaMailSender javaMailSender )
{
this.javaMailSender = javaMailSender;
}
public String getSystemEmail()
{
return systemEmail;
}
public void setSystemEmail( String systemEmail )
{
this.systemEmail = systemEmail;
}
}
该实现类有一个私有字段javaMailSender,该字段的类型JavaMailSender来自于Spring的工具类库。在sendMail()的方法视线中,首先使用javaMailSender创建一个MimeMessage,它对应了将要发送的邮件。接着使用MimeMessageHelper帮助设置该邮件的发送地址、收件地址、主题及内容。
该代码中没有邮件服务器配置信息,这是因为有Spring Framework的依赖注入,这些配置都通过外部的配置注入到了javamailSender中。相关配置信息都在account-email.xml中,放在src/main/resources/目录下
//account-email.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd">
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location" value="classpath:service.properties" />
</bean>
<bean id="javaMailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="protocol" value="${email.protocol}" />
<property name="host" value="${email.host}" />
<property name="port" value="${email.port}" />
<property name="username" value="${email.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${email.password}" />
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.${email.protocol}.auth">${email.auth}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="accountEmailService"
class="com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email.AccountEmailServiceImpl">
<property name="javaMailSender" ref="javaMailSender" />
<property name="systemEmail" value="${email.systemEmail}" />
</bean>
</beans>
Spring Framework使用该XML配置创建ApplicationContext,以实现依赖注入。该配置文件定义了一些bean,对应了Java程序中多个对象。id为propertyConfigurerer的bean,其实现为PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,这是Spring中用来帮助载入properties的组件。这里location定义的值表示从classpath的根路径下载入名为email.properties文件。
接着定义id为javaMailSender的bean,其实现为JavaMailSenderImpl,这里需要定义邮件服务器的一些配置,包括协议,主机,端口,用户名,密码等。这段配置还使用了Spring的属性引用,这么做可以将邮件服务器相关配置分离到外部的properties文件中。
最后定义了accountEmailService的bean,对应了之前描述的AccountEmailServiceImpl,配置中将另外一个bean javaMailSender注入,使其成为该类的字段值。
3.测试部分代码
首先根据上面Spring的配置,在src/test/resources/目录下创建邮件服务器的配置文件。
//service.properties
email.protocol=smtp
email.host=localhost
email.port=25
email.username=zachary@mymail.com
email.password=123456
email.auth=true
email.systemEmail=test@mymail.com
然后就是测试代码。这里主要测试sendMail()接口。
package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.account.email;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import javax.mail.Message;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.icegreen.greenmail.util.GreenMail;
import com.icegreen.greenmail.util.GreenMailUtil;
import com.icegreen.greenmail.util.ServerSetup;
public class AccountEmailServiceTest {
private GreenMail greenMail; // 使用GreenMail作为测试服务器
@Before
// Before注解表示会先于测试方法@Test执行
public void startMailServer() throws Exception {
greenMail = new GreenMail(ServerSetup.SMTP); // 基于SMTP协议初始化GreenMail
greenMail.setUser("zachary@mymail.com", "123456"); // 创建一个邮件账户
greenMail.start(); // 启动邮件服务
}
@Test
public void testSendMail() throws Exception {
// 根据account-email.xml的配置创建ApplicationContext
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"account-email.xml");
// 从ctx中获取要测试的id为accountEmailService的bean,并转换成AccountEmailService接口
AccountEmailService accountEmailService = (AccountEmailService) ctx
.getBean("accountEmailService");
String subject = "Test Subject"; // 设置邮件主题
String htmlText = "<h3>Test</h3>"; // 设置邮件内容
accountEmailService.sendMail("test@mymail.com", subject, htmlText); // 发送邮件
greenMail.waitForIncomingEmail(2000, 1); // 接收一封邮件最多等待2秒
Message[] msgs = greenMail.getReceivedMessages(); // 读取收到的邮件
assertEquals(1, msgs.length); // 检查邮件的数目
// //第一封邮件的主题及内容
assertEquals(subject, msgs[0].getSubject());
assertEquals(htmlText, GreenMailUtil.getBody(msgs[0]).trim());
}
@After
public void stopMailServer() throws Exception {
greenMail.stop(); //停止邮件服务
}
}
这样一个简单的邮件模块就完成了。
参考:《Maven实战》第5章——徐晓斌著